a b s t r a c tBackground: Live donor liver transplant has become an accepted, effective and lifesaving alternative to deceased donor transplant. The effect on donor and his safety remains a cause of concern. The donors are all in productive age and in our setting may have to go back to active service. This study is aimed at knowing the results of donor hepatectomies at our centre. Results: 35 Donors of age between 20 and 50 years were taken up for procedure of which one was abandoned due to haemodynamic instability after intubation. In the 34 procedures done the percentage of the residual liver was at least 30%. No donor required blood transfusion. The overall complication rate was 26.5% which was stratified according to the modified Clavien classification of postoperative complications. There was transient rise of bilirubin and liver enzymes in all which returned back to normal with time. Infections were the most common cause of complication. All the donors had gone back to their work after a mean of 42 days after surgery. All donors were willing to donate again if needed. Conclusion:Living donor liver transplant a widely practiced modality for end-stage liver disease. It is a safe procedure with good recovery and results. Our study shows that meticulous selection criteria and strict adherence to protocols leads to good outcome. ª 2013, Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS). All rights reserved.

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Introduction: Pregnancy is often associated with a number of oral manifestations. There is a change in lifestyle factors and dental care during pregnancy. Aim: We conducted this cross-sectional study to determine how lifestyle factors affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in pregnant women residing in Bero block, Jharkhand. Methods: The study included a total of 400 pregnant women aged 18–45. The assessment of lifestyle factors and OHRQOL was done using Health Practice Index (HPI) Index and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), respectively. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews. Results: Forty percent of the pregnant women showed low OHRQOL. The majority of them were not using mouthwash and were brushing their teeth using faulty techniques. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that women with poor lifestyle scores (Odds Ratio [OR] =3.8, P-value <0.0001*), and systemic diseases (OR = 2.6, P-value < 0.001*) were more likely to have poor OHRQOL. Conclusion: Pregnancy is associated with poor OHRQOL and poor lifestyle scores. Effective policies for oral health need to be drafted for this group.

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Wireless communication system in the wireless channel where the radio waves are employed to carry the signals or information. This paper reviews the basic concepts of rays, ray tracing algorithms, and radio propagation modelling using ray tracing methods. We focus on the fundamental concepts and the development of practical ray tracing algorithms. The most recent progress and a future perspective of ray tracing are also discussed. We envision propagation modelling in the near future as an intelligent, accurate, and real-time system in which ray tracing plays an important role. This review is especially useful for experts who are developing new ray tracing algorithms to enhance modelling accuracy and improve computational speed.