Chylothorax is the accumulation of chyle in the pleural cavity that typically contains a high concentration of triglycerides. Blunt chest trauma is a rare cause. The aim of this study is to review all of the reported cases of chylothorax caused by blunt chest trauma. Available databases were explored systematically for the condition and the eligible papers were included. The literature search revealed 30 studies with 39 cases, 72.3% of the cases were male, and 21.7% of the patients were female. The age range varied between 4 and 75 years with a mean age of 35.8 years. All of the patients were diagnosed after fluid sampling from the pleural fluid by thoracentesis and/or chest tube insertion. About 71.4% of the patients were treated successfully by conservative management: others (28.6%) were managed surgically. Although it is a rare condition, persistent milky drainage after blunt chest trauma should raise the suspicion of chylothorax. Pleural fluid sampling is the cornerstone of the diagnosis. In the majority of the cases, conservative treatment is quite enough. Surgery is indicated whenever non-operative measures failed.

No abstract

New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase enzyme (NDM-1) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics, including most carbapenems, leading to antimicrobial resistance. The development of a novel NDM-1 inhibitor for use in combination with carbapenems may help to combat drug-resistant pathogens. Twenty compounds derived from naphthalene, thiazole, and sulfone derivatives were designed to inhibit bacterial NDM-1 and protect β-lactam antibiotics from enzyme attack. Two- and three-dimensional structures of the designed molecules were sketched using MarvinSketch, and a molecular docking protocol was used to identify potential inhibitor(s) of the NDM-1 target protein using AMDock v 1.5.2. The binding free energy of each compound against NDM-1 was determined and the drug-likeness properties of the designed molecules were assessed using SwissADME. Two compounds with the highest ΔGbinding results, T008 and T016, were selected for further investigation using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations with the GROMACS simulation package (GROMACS 2020.4). The duration of each MD simulation was 100 ns. Both compounds had a significantly higher binding free energy than the positive control and other designed molecules, their MD simulations remained stable, they passed Lipinski’s rule of five, and were shown to have favorable physicochemical properties. The study outcomes can be used to inform synthesis and in vitro testing of the selected molecules.

No abstract