<p>Drought is one of the major limitations in dry land cultivation. Drought affects plant physiology processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, mineral and water transportation, and transpiraton, briefly called drought stress. Drought stress can be avoided by managing environment. Furrow containing organic matter for rain fed rice has been the subject of many studies, with special emphasis on soil moisture. This research is aimed to know the effects of the furrow containing organic matter on physiological responses of several upland rice varieties on agroforestry system based on <em>k</em><em>ayu putih</em> (cajuput). The experimental design applied the strip plot design. The vertical factor is the furrow system of treatment consisting of 2 levels i.e. without furrow + without organic matter and furrow + organic matters. The horizontal factors are the upland rice varieties consisting of 3 varieties i.e. Situ Patenggang, Situ Bagendit and Ciherang. The collected data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) applying a level of significance α = 5%. Whenever significant differences among treatments were found, further analysis was carried out by applying the Tukey's HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test α = 5% levels. The result shows that drought affects plant physiology and can be avoided by using furrow containing organic matters. Situ Patenggang with furrow containing organic matters has the higher physiology capability, it had photosynthesis 387.18 µmol CO₂per clump s^-1, transpiration 3038.50 mg per clump per secondand CO₂721.11 mol CO₂ clump per mol. There different plant requirements for Cu between varieties.</p>

Purslane has many benefits as food or raw material for medicine. It is rich in beneficial compounds, such as omega-3 and vitamins. However, it has not been cultivated yet. Organic input in cultivation is essential to ensure food safety for humans. Using organic inputs can avoid the yield from chemical and biological contaminants that can threaten health. Thus, the source of growing media and fertilizer must be considered. Because the use of synthetic chemicals has residues that are harmful to the environment and human health. This research sought to identify the best combination of growing media and organic fertilizer to increase purslane yield. The experiment was conducted with a randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. Organic fertilizers (guano, cow urine, and rabbit urine) and planting media (soil, soil + husk charcoal, soil + compost, and soil + husk charcoal) were the treatments assessed. The observation variables were planting media analysis, the number of leaves and branches, growth diameter, and fresh weight. The results show that the planting medium and organic fertilizer did not significantly affect the measured growth parameters. The single variable of organic fertilizer made a difference in growth diameter and fresh weight. Rabbit urine produced in the highest growth diameter, and guano produced in the highest fresh weight The single variable of organic fertilizer made a difference in growth diameter and fresh weight. Rabbit urine produced in the highest growth diameter, and guano produced in the highest fresh weight The single variable of organic fertilizer made a difference in growth diameter and fresh weight. Rabbit urine produced in the highest growth diameter, and guano produced in the highest fresh weight

This research was aimed to know the effects of the furrow system containing organic matter for rainfed, to growth and yield of several varieties on agroforestry system with Kayu Putih. The research was conducted in Petak 83 Resort Pengelolaan Hutan (RPH) Menggoran, Bagian Daerah Hutan (BDH) Playen, Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) Yogyakarta from March to August of 2018. The experimental design applied the strip plot design. The vertical factor was the furrow system of treatment consisting of 2 levels i.e, without furrow + without organic matter and furrow + organic matters. The horizontal factors were the varieties of upland rice consisting of 3 varieties i.e. Situ Patenggang, Situ Bagendit, and Ciherang. Then the collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) applying a level of significance α = 5%. Whenever the significant differences among treatments were found, further analysis was carried out by applying the Tukey's HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at 5% levels. The result showed that furrow containing organic matter was able to support plant growth in dry land. Situ Patenggang has highest adaptation to growth dan produce in drought stress. The combination of furrow containing organic matter with Situ Patenggang showed the best result in CGR, total root length, total chlorophyll content, number of panicle, number of spikelet per panicle, 1000 grain weight and estimated productivity.

Keragaman jenis tumbuhan dapat ditemukan pada kondisi lahan yang berbeda. Di Ruang Terbuka Hijau terdapat berbagai jenis tanaman yang tumbuh bebas. Kualitas ruang terbuka sangat berkaitan dengan vegetasi yang tumbuh di ruang tersebut, yang menyangkut jenis, bentuk, lokasi tanam, jumlah dan kondisinya. Struktur dan komposisi vegetasi tumbuhan dipengaruhi oleh interaksi komponen ekosistem lainnya sehingga vegetasi yang tumbuh secara alami merupakan hasil interaksi dari berbagai faktor lingkungan. Vegetasi dataran rendah sangat bervariasi. Untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman vegetasi pada Ruang Terbuka Hijau di dataran rendah dapat menggunakan analisis vegetasi. Analisis vegetasi merupakan suatu cara untuk mempelajari susunan dan atau komposisi vegetasi pada sekelompok tumbuhan. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian yaitu, meteran, tali rapia, cangkul kecil, alat tulis dan kamera. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kuadrat. Metode kuadrat merupakan cara yang mudah dan cepat untuk mengetahui komposisi, dominansi, dan menaksir komposisi vegetasi. Ukuran kuadrat yang digunakan yaitu,    1x1 m. Pengamatan dilakukan sebanyak 8 ulangan. Penentuan analisis dilakukan dengan melempar kuadrat ke areal secara acak. Parameter pengamatan terdiri dari; Kerapatan (K), Kerapatan Relatif (KR), Frekuensi (F), Frekuensi Relatif (FR) dan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa Cyperus rotundus memiliki nilai K=60, KR=29,8%, FM=37,5%, FR=11,1%, dan INP=40,9%. Tumbuhan ini mendominasi Ruang Terbuka Hijau pada dataran rendah, Surabaya Timur. Karena tumbuhan tersebut memiliki daya adaptasi yang besar dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Keberadannya mendukung fungsi ekologis Ruang Terbuka Hijau.

Potato farming in Jawa Timur currently tends to be oriented towards high production. Increasing the yield of potato quality is by controlling fertilizers and the population. The use of paitan as an organic fertilizer to replace an organic fertilizer is easy and efficient. This study aims to determine the effect of organic fertilizer application on the yield of Granola potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Treatment using a dose of paitan (D) consisted of: D0 = Control (without fertilization), D1 = 120 kg N ha-1 equivalent to 5882 t ha-1 fresh paitan, D2 = 175 kg N ha-1 equivalent to 8,578 t ha-1 fresh paitan, D3 = 230 kg N ha-1 equivalent to 11,273 t ha-1 fresh paitan, D4 = 175 kg N ha-1 equivalent to Urea 380 kg ha-1, P2O 149.76 kg ha-1, K2O 100 kg ha-1. The treatment is given once a week before planting. Parameters observed were plant height and the number of tubers. The results of the study showed that paitan organic fertilizer equivalent to 380 kg N ha-1 was able to produce plant growth and yields that were no different when compared to inorganic fertilizers. In addition, the use of organic fertilizers can preserve the environment for long-term agricultural activities.