Protease enzyme produced from Bacillus sp was employed to hydrolyze fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) under controlled conditions at a batch-pilot plant scale-process. Thirty kilograms of fish meat was mincedand mixed with 60 liters of water in 100 liters stainless steel vessel and 20,000 units of protease enzyme was added per kg of fish. Hydrolysis of fish was carried out at 55 oC for 6 hours. Multi stage of filtration were done to separate the FPH from unhydrolized fish residue. Mass balance were carried out to determine the rate of hydrolysis and yields. W ithout pH adjustment, 80% of substrate hydrolyzed could be achieved in 6 hour at 55 °C. Three kinds of products were recovered from the process, i.e solid residue, liquid FPH as filtration product, and spray dried FPH. Hydrolysis of 30 kg of fish meat substrate producing 1.7-2.0 kg of unhydrolyzed residue and 70 L of liquid FPH. Afterspray drying process of liquid FPH, 13 kg of FPH powder was recovered. The proximate and amino acid analysis of spray dried FPH showed that the FPH containing 20% of protein, rich in amino acids especially lysine and leucineand the residue still had 85,36% of protein (dry basis) that could be utilized for other purpose.
The technical feasibility of seaweed waste utilization as a resource of renewable energy was investigated in this paper. The production of fermentable sugars from seaweed waste was studied by dilute sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatment and further enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment was conducted by using 1.0 and 2.0% dilute sulfuric acid w/v and 4 and 5% sodium hydroxide w/v for 30 min at 121 o C. Pretreated seaweed wastes were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to examine the crystallinity index of the cellulose and observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to examine the changes in structure of cellulose fiber. Saccharification of pretreated seaweed waste was carried out using crude cellulase enzyme provided by Pulp and Paper Research Center in Bandung. Saccharification was done in shake flask with 20% of substrate in citrate phosphate buffer at 30 o C and 50 o C, agitation of 150 rpm in shaking incubator for 48 h. Samples were collected at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h for further analysis. Enzyme concentrations were varied between 10-50 U/g dry samples. The results showed that dilute acid and base pretreatment of seaweed solid waste can be used to improve the digestibility of seaweed waste. It successfully acted by reducing the lignin content and degrading the structure of cellulose from crystalline into amorphous form which is more susceptible to the enzyme action.The optimum pretreatment condition was shown by 4% NaOH at 121 o C for 30 min, producing the most fermentable sugar concentration. Sugar concentration produced by saccharification was optimum at 50 o C, enzyme concentration of 50 U/g sample for 24 h base pretreatment. The results of the experiment were expected to contribute in the process development of bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials into renewable energy sources.
Complementary feeding is a transition of the baby's intake over 6 months to meet the nutritional needs in addition to breast milk. Complementary feeding should contain complete nutritional components especially in minerals. Minerals are elements needed by the body for the overall body function. Children require calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) for their body growth to prevent stunting. This study was aimed to analyse Ca, Fe and Zn content in the formulated fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) complementary feeding porridge. A total of three formulations were produced namely F1, F2 and F3 and analysed for mineral content following AOAC method 999.11. From the analysis, F3 had the highest Fe content (38.547 mg/100 g) and Zn content (5.751 mg/100 g) while F1 had the highest Ca content (65.152 mg/100 g). Overall, F3 had the best mineral content to be formulated as a suitable FPH complementary feeding instant powder.
BACKGROUNDS:The Result of the Basic Health Research 2018 stunting prevalence in Indonesia is 30.8%. One of the potential local foodstuffs in Indonesia is nile Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Nile Tilapia fish has a high nutrient content, especially protein, calcium and monounsaturated fatty acids. OBJECTIVES: Analyzed of nutrient content and heavy metal content of lead in Nile Tilapia. METHODS:The study was a laboratory study using raw materials of Nile Tilapia fish . Then analyzed the content of proximate, fatty acids, amino acids and lead heavy metals. Statistical tests use descriptive tests. RESULTS:The total protein content of 18.46 grams, and the calcium content of 74.38 grams in 100 grams of material. Total fatty acids of Nile Tilapia 30.39%, Palmitic acid 7.87%, stearic acid 4.30%, oleic acid 8.13%, Linoleic Acid 3.67% of total fatty acids. Total amino acids is 21.56%, Arginine 1.88%, Leucine 1.69%, Lysine 1.84%, Aspartic Acid 2.16%, Glutamic Acid 3.45% of the total amino acids. CONCLUSION:High nutrient content in Nile Tilapia are proteins, calcium, oleic fatty acids, palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids. The highest amino acids are aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine arginine and leucine.
ABSTRAKEksternalitas dapat diartikan sebagai dampak dari suatu kegiatan tertentu terhadap kegiatan lainnya. Dalam konteks pengelolaan sumberdaya perairan, eksternalitas sangat penting diketahui mengingat hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan terjadinya alokasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya yang tidak efisien dan selanjutnya mempengaruhi kinerja keberlanjutan pemanfaatannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian bertujuan mengkaji eksternalitas dan status keberlanjutan perikanan pada sumberdaya perairan waduk di waduk Jatiluhur. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama bulan Juli-Desember 2009. Secara spesifik, kegiatan penelitian difokuskan untuk mendapatkan data dinamika pengelolaan perikanan, eksternalitas dan status keberlanjutan pola pengelolaan perikanannya. Studi kasus digunakan pada penelitian ini. Data primer diperoleh melalui survei lapang dan data sekunder diperoleh melalui penelusuran dan kajian literatur terkait topik penelitian. Metoda analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan tabulatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menyajikan gambaran dinamika pengelolaan perikanan yang ada. Eksternalitas dan status keberlanjutan pola pengelolaan perikanan yang ada dieksplorasi berdasarkan lima pelaku pemanfaat yang teridentifikasi, yaitu perikanan tangkap, perikanan budidaya, wisata pemancingan, transportasi dan manajemen waduk. Keberlanjutan bagi pemanfaatan perikanan waduk dapat terjamin apabila pelaku usaha melakukan optimalisasi sesuai dengan daya dukung perairan bagi perikanan budidaya dan menjalankan pilihan pengelolaan perikanan tangkap dalam bentuk penerapan alat dan metoda penangkapan yang ramah lingkungan, penebaran ikan yang dapat memanfaatkan kesuburan perairan. Hasil kajian dapat digunakan oleh otoritas pengelola waduk sebagai rujukan bagi rumusan kebijakan pengelolaan perikanan di waduk Jatiluhur. Martosuyono and Sutrisno Sukimin Externality can be defined as an impact of a certain activity to other activity. In the context of fisheries resource management, externality is important to understand due to its impact on in-efficiency I. PENDAHULUANpendangkalan (sedimentasi), pencemaran, eutrofikasi maupun perubahan fungsi. Sumberdaya kelautan dan perikanan Gangguan ini dapat berasal dari wilayah hulu, merupakan sumberdaya yang bersifat akibat tidak diperhatikannya masalah dinamis, baik dengan ataupun tanpa intervensi konservasi hutan dan lahan/tanah, sehingga dari manusia selaku pemanfaat sumberdaya. menimbulkan erosi tanah yang menyebabkan Sebagai ilustrasi, pada sumberdaya perikanan pendangkalan waduk, pencemaran limbah tangkap, secara sederhana dinamika stok ikan rumah tangga, industri dan pertanian (faktor ditunjukkan oleh keseimbangan yang eksternal) yang masuk ke perairan waduk, di disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan stok, samping itu, gangguan juga dapat berasal dari baik sebagai akibat dari pertumbuhan pemanfaatan perairan waduk itu sendiri (faktor individu (individual growth) maupun oleh internal). perkembangbiakkan (recruitment) stok itu P e n g e l o l a a n p e r i k a n a n p a d a sendiri. Dengan keterbatasan daya du...
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