The increasing traffic volume creates a greatest challenge in today's traffic research. It is important to know the road traffic density for effective traffic management and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Traditional method of detecting vehicles from video is image subtraction which is not effective as it is susceptible to changing levels of brightness. And hence the proposed algorithm detects vehicles from an image in a more precise manner. The proposed work uses image processing that involves the techniques such as image acquisition, image enhancement, and Image segmentation to retrieve image from the source and enhance the contrast and brightness of the image for successful surveillance on transportation system.

It is undeniable that the significance of mobile phones in our daily life and activities is endless. The reason for this is because the mobile phone is undergoing a huge transformation and is no longer the normal communication device of the past. It has become a huge concern for entities and industries alike due to the variety of incredible features and openings that mobile phones offer. This study sounds to explore the use of mobile phone services in educational settings, banking systems, irrigation facilities, women's safety, etc., and explore the nature of mobile use in today's society. This review talks about mobile phone applications and their challenges used by mobile internet users and various applications. Today, given the large number of mobile phones and users, the security of mobile applications is very important. Identifying these challenges will assist the industries to be ready for efficient mobile application development and enable them in the successful completion of mobile application development projects. It is recommended that practitioners would contribute more attention to the frequently mentioned challenges identified in academia and industry. In future, more empirical studies are needed to revise the existing studies with more diverse practitioners.