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Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites produced by all plants in which some has medicinal uses. The comparative Qualitative and Quantitative phytochemical analysis of root extracts in aqueous, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Calotropis gigantea and calotropis procera Linn. were investigated. The comparative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenols group in varying concentrations. The comparative studies result of the above two plants gives a basis of its use in traditional medicine to manage ailments and disorders. It also contains some biologically active constituents worthy of further investigations.

The aim of the present work is to study the control of cultural techniques on the infestation rate and to calculate the population of codling moth from the orchards of Ladakh for the sake of convenience 4 orchards of Nurla village were selected from the Union territory of Ladakh and the different cultural methods were practiced in these orchards and in which the delta traps were installed to monitor the population of codling moth only for monitor purposes. Delta traps containing lures loaded with codlimone (E,E)-8,10-doddecadien-1-ol the sex attractant which attracts male moths towards trap. The orchards taken were practiced by different methods like orchard S1 (Bur lapping), S2 (S sanitation),S3 (Bur lapping & Sanitation) and S4 with no method used (control). According to the plan the visits were conducted and the result was taken to obtain the infestation rate and to analyze the population of codling moth from the selected orchards. The orchards with heavy infestation were measured in relation to the low-infested orchards of the same area containing equal number of trees. The population of the codling moth was also monitored during the three visits to these selected orchards in which the traps were installed and finally that was calculated. The table results clearly indicated that the orchard S4 were no method was practiced was heavily infested followed by S1 Bur lapping, S2 Sanitation, and very low infested S3 Bur lapping & Sanitation. The traps catch was low in S3 were bur lapping and sanitation was done followed by S2 Sanitation, S1 bur lapping, and the highest catch was at S4 were no method was practiced. Finally the data from the orchards with high infestation and high trap catch was correlated with data from the orchards with low infestation and low trap catch. orchards

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Simulating the heat conduction in between a solid conducting body immersed in fluid at a given temperature is a difficult task, particularly when the body is tapered in shape and the costs have to be kept low.The body in question is cylindrical, symmetrical about z-axis, tapered in shape and has been heated to a high temperature before being immersed into the fluid. The heat conduction equation in cylindrical polar coordinates with all derivative boundary conditions is attempted to be solved in two ways -first analytically making use of Bessel's function and then by numerical modelling with the help of Finite Difference method, and equations thus formed have been solved through ADI explicit and Implicit ( Peaceman Rachford ) scheme on microcomputer. The paper is an account of work already done on this and includes further possibilities for general solution with analytical methods and a suitable low-cost numerical solution. Also possible analogy with flow of fluids have been explored.