Ficus variegata is pioneer species that provides pulp raw materials, soil water protection, beehives tree, animal fodder, and medicinal plants. Introduction of F. variegata seedling at Imperata grassland constrained with low plant survival which caused by stressed plants and stagnant growth. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of five F. variegata seedlings size on the initial growth at Imperata grassland. The research was used Randomized Complete Block Design, with 5 seedling sizes for the treatment, there are size A (seedling height 15-50 cm), size B (51-75 cm), size C (76-100 cm), size D (101-125 cm), and size E (126-150 cm). In this research, we observe some parameters like height and stem diameter increment, canopy width, and plant survival at 1, 6, and 12 months old. Different seedling size has a very significant effect at six months old and very significant effect at 12 months old on the height, diameter and width crown increment. Seedling size 15-50 cm has shown faster height growth but has lower survival than another size in the dry season. For rehabilitation Imperata grassland, it is recommended using seedling size 50-125 cm because more adaptive and shown better growth in all parameters.

Since ancient times Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. or Javanese Turmeric (JT) is an important spice for the Banjar people. JT contains active ingredients such curcuminoids which have antioxidant properties. Due to the ability to increase the body’s immunity, the demand for JT during the Covid-19 pandemic has increased. Banjar Regency is a supplier of JT in South Kalimantan. This paper describes the socio-economic and environmental values of JT for the Banjar people. Data was collected from interviews with several JT spice farmers, collectors, traders, and consumers in several locations. Data were analyzed descriptively to describe JT’s role in supporting the community’s economy and the environment. From an economic perspective, JT has provided many benefits and produces several products such as food, body care, traditional medicine, and animal feed. From an environmental perspective, JT increases the productivity of arable land and prevents fires land. The development of JT on private land faces several challenges due to the low interest of the community to cultivate JT and lower prices than seasonings spices. Therefore, several strategies are needed to support its development, such arrange cropping patterns, combinations of cropping types, research support related to the use of superior varieties, and expansion of planting.