Aim of the study: Intussusception is a common paediatric emergency which can be diagnosed with relative certainty by ultrasonography in trained hands. Both the ileocolic and small-bowel intussusception have overlapping clinical features and imaging findings on ultrasound. The aim is to differentiate between both subtypes based on selective differentiating features which should always be looked for while performing an ultrasound examination in suspected cases. Differentiating between the two subtypes is essential, since patient management may differ depending on the subtype. Case description: We present a case of a 12-year-old boy who presented to our hospital with pain in the abdomen. An emergency ultrasound revealed findings suggestive of small- bowel intussusception. A brief description of the differentiating points from the ileocolic subtype is also described. Conclusions: Based on the features described, it is possible to confidently differentiate between the two subtypes, which is a guiding factor for treatment.
The morphological parameters against which the IgG and IgM anti-H. pylori levels were measured were the density of various inflammatory cells like neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The IgG and IgM antibody titres were also compared with the grade of atrophy, the presence or absence of intestinal metaplasia, and glandular shortening. Lastly and most importantly, the titres were also compared with the presence and density of H. pylori. RESULTSThirty patients were evaluated. The minimum IgG titre recorded was 0.111 and the maximum titre was 2.118 IU/L. The mean IgG titre was 0.846 IU/L and the median titre was 0.655 IU/L. The minimal IgM titre recorded was 0.424 IU/L and the maximum titre was 2.437 IU/L. The mean titre was 1.046 IU/L and the median titre was 0.837 IU/L.No correlation between the various inflammatory parameters and the IgG and IgM antibody titres and no correlation between the antibody titres and the presence and grade of atrophy, gland shortening, and intestinal metaplasia was observed. In conclusion, we noted that there was no correlation between the antibody titres and the presence and density of H. pylori in the antral biopsies. Table 1 shows the P value between the antibody titres and the various parameters. DISCUSSIONThis small pilot study did not find any correlation between the IgG and IgM titres and the severity of gastritis as assessed by histopathology. A few studies have found that there is a significant correlation between the severity of gastritis and the antibody titres. 3 Yamamoto et al found that serum anti-H. pylori IgG antibody titres were correlated significantly with the severity of inflammation in both the antrum and body. Significant associations were found between serum anti-H. pylori IgG and IgA antibody titres and the development of atrophic gastritis. They did not find a correlation with anti-H. pylori IgM titres. They concluded that their results suggest that measurement of serum anti-H. pylori antibody titres is
Objectives: Meningiomas are one of the most common intracranial tumors accounting for 14–20% of all intracranial tumors. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) along with the calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a novel, non-invasive, and reliable technique of choice for the pre-operative assessment and the treatment planning of different types of meningiomas. Our study aimed to correlate the ADC values of meningiomas with their histopathological grade. Materials and Methods: We studied 21 patients with meningioma. These were initially diagnosed on imaging and confirmed on histopathology. We calculated the normalized ADC (NADC) values from the DWI of their lesion. NADC values and atypical morphological features were utilized to type the meningiomas as typical or atypical. These findings were correlated with histopathological reports of grading of meningioma. Results: There was no significant correlation between the grades of meningioma and the ADC values. The normalized ADC values varied from 0.14 to 1.37 × 10−3 mm2/s for Gr I meningioma in our series and most of our cases fell in this category of meningioma. We had a solitary case of Gr-II meningioma and the ADC value for this lesion was 1.26 × 10−3 mm2/s. Conclusion: Meningiomas are a common group of tumors in the brain with a quest to characterize the grades preoperatively on imaging. The NADC is a better method as compared to plain ADC values for this purpose. In our series, we did not find any correlation of NADC on pre-operative imaging to the grades of tumors.
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