(1) Background: The coverage of hepatitis B vaccination remains low in developing countries to date. This systematic review thus analyzes the determinants of people’s knowledge and vaccination status as well as the reasons why people in developing countries chose not to receive the hepatitis B vaccination. (2) Methods: We searched four databases to identify all studies from developing countries published within the past 10 years. Both low-risk and high-risk populations aged older than 15 years old were eligible for the study. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale assessment. (3) Results: This study identified 2443 articles, 89 of which were included in the analysis. Monthly income, occupational status, and profession as a health-care worker were the strongest predictive factors for both knowledge of hepatitis B and vaccination status. In addition, strong predictor variables of hepatitis B knowledge were knowing an infected person and level of education, while health insurance, management’s protection at workplace, infection training, and experience of hepatitis B exposure were strong influencing factors for vaccine uptake. (4) Conclusions: Exposure to information, support from institutions, and financial support related to vaccination cost have a positive impact on the knowledge about hepatitis B infection and vaccination coverage.

Background. Anemia in pregnancy is an essential problem due to affect to not only the mother’s life but also to baby’s life. An iron deficiency causes about 75 percent of anemia during pregnancy. Objective. This study aimed to identify risk factors for iron deficiency among pregnant women and determine the possible link between iron status and tannin levels associated with tea consumption. Method. The population-based cross-sectional studies were conducted from secondary data of previous thesis-research in 2013, “Pengaruh Kadar Tanin pada Teh Celup terhadap Anemia Gizi Besi (AGB) pada Ibu Hamil di UPT Puskesmas Citeureup Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2012”. The study population consisted of 94 randomly selected pregnant women. The inclusion criteria were pregnant women who participated in the previous study and have a complete antenatal care record. Demographic data were collected, including data on age, working status, gestational stage, time since last pregnancy, and parity. The information included nutritional variables, such as iron supplements, nutritional status, and iron intake. Also, data for tannin level grouped as low, medium, and high based on the frequency of daily tea consumption and tea-making habits. The linear model analysis was used to determine the influence of tea consumption on serum ferritin levels. Results. The results showed that time since last pregnancy (<2 years), parity (more than two children), reduced consumption of foods containing heme, and levels of tannin consumption (low, medium, or high) were predictors of iron-deficiency anemia. The results also suggested that tannin levels were inversely proportional to serum ferritin levels. Conclusion. Pregnant women who consumed tea with a low tannin level had the highest serum ferritin levels, whereas those who drank tea with medium and high tannin levels had the lowest serum ferritin levels.

Latar belakang. Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia. Pada tahun 2014 terjadi peningkatan insidens, prevalens bahkan kematian karena TB di Indonesia. Tujuan. Mengetahui besar risiko tidak diimunisasi BCG terhadap kejadian TB Paru pada anak di Kota Sukabumi tahun 2015-2016 setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur, jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, pemberian ASI Eksklusif, kunjungan Neonatal, pemberian Vitamin A, pendidikan Ibu dan Pekerjaan Ibu. Sedangkan tujuan sekunder dari studi ini adalah mengidentifikasi status imunisasi BCG dan kejadian TB Paru pada anak serta variable covariatnya dan mengetahui besar risiko anak yang tidak diimunisasi serta mengetahui besar Efektivitas vaksin BCG. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case control. Kasus dan kontrol adalah anak kota Sukabumi usia 0-5 tahun yang diperoleh dari laporan rutin program TB, imunisasi, KIA dan Gizi di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Sukabumi. Hasil. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa risiko anak yang tidak diimunisasi BCG dan KN sebanyak 3 kali adalah 1,13 kali lebih besar untuk terkena TB paru dibandingkan kelompok rujukan dan anak yang diimunisasi BCG. Dari hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa efektivitas vaksin BCG tanpa interaksi 67%, sedangkan dengan interaksi 82%. Kesimpulan. Imunisasi di Kota Sukabumi masih merupakan salah satu upaya yang efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya TB paru pada anak.

Background: Antenatal care coverage (ANC) in Indonesia has been constantly increasing over the years according to the country’s national survey data; however, there is a huge gap in coverage between women with different background characteristics. Purpose: The objective of this study is to determine the association between women’s empowerment and ANC coverage in Indonesia in 2017. Methods: This study used data sourced from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 with a cross-sectional study design. The population study was married women aged 15–49 years who had delivered children in the two years before the survey was conducted. About 6,397 samples were obtained by a total sampling method that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Variables analysed in this study were women’s empowerment and antenatal care coverage. The data analysis used were chi square and multiple logistic regression analysis. This study was conducted in February–April 2019 in all provinces in Indonesia which were the location of the IDHS 2017. Results: The result of multivariate analysis claimed an association that was statistically significant (p value = 0.00) between women’s empowerment and ANC coverage, with adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02–1.08). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that less empowered women were 1.05 times more likely to not receive complete and standardised antenatal care compared to women who were more empowered.