This study is aimed to identify the kinds, functions, and meanings of rhetorical schemes applied in Obama’s speech. The data of this study were taken by documentation method and note-taking technique from the winning speech delivered by Barack Obama on November, 4th 2008 at Grant Park in Chicago. The video is uploaded by Marc Schulz on October, 19th 2012 in YouTube and its transcript is available on ABC news (internet). In addition, the data were analyzed descriptive qualitatively using Holman’s theory about rhetorical devices (1960). This study revealed that there are three schemes in rhetorical devices namely phonological, morphological, and syntactical applied by Barack Obama. Furthermore, two functions applied are to give vivid example and to emphasize points. The meanings from applied rhetorical schemes are constructed based on the reference Obama does in his speech towards socio-historical events in America.

This study aims to know the relation of Balinese cultures with the animal and plant lexicons in Balinese songs from the perspective of eco-linguistics. The data from this study were collected from YouTube. Listening and documentation methods along with transcription techniques were applied to collect the data. The animal and plant lexicons found were subsequently analyzed using the method of descriptive-qualitative with the help of Bang and Døør’s theory of dialectical eco-linguistics and the eco-linguistics parameters from Fill and Muhlhausler. The result of this study shows that the animal and plant lexicons used resulted from the co-existence of Balinese people and other species in their environment. The lexicons are inserted into the songs through the concept of metaphor. The co-existence makes Balinese people able to give meanings towards the animal and plant in the song based on their cultures and beliefs.