Age, sex, and ultralow anterior resection were found to be risk factors for anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery. In addition, leakage was associated with poor survival.

The findings of this study suggest that PALN dissection increases the survival of patients with isolated PALN metastasis from CRC, and that it has a tolerable morbidity rate.

The depth of submucosal invasion, cell differentiation, and tumor cell dissociation were significant pathologic predictors of LN metastasis in SICC. Because SICC is associated with a considerable risk of LN metastasis, local excision may be performed carefully in SICC without adverse features.