A literature review is presented on the validation of thermal and energy models up to 1994. Over 65 different studies are reported here. The existing validation methodologies are reviewed. The validation process began in the early 1970s. However, there was little distinct validation methodology or procedure. Only a few high-quality, well documented data sets are available. It is concluded that much work is needed on detailed data collection, as in most of studies reported here, such data were not available. Many values had to be assumed, resulting in uncertainties in the reported comparisons.

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