Abstract Lipomas in the submandibular region are very uncommon. Large submandibular neck mass (greater than 10 cm) with a rapid growth rate, may raise concern about possible malignancy of salivary glands. Failure to distinguish salivary gland tumour and liposarcoma from a lipoma may represent a medico-legal pitfall. It is very important for the surgeon to rule out liposarcomas when dealing with giant lipomas in such regions. We report a case of a 65-year-old male who presented in the OPD with complains of pain and a 15x12 cm, giant submandibular solitary lipoma of anterior neck which had rapidly increased in size. The diagnosis of lipoma was confirmed on physical examination, radiological investigations and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). The Patient underwent surgical excision. The surgery produced excellent cosmetic results and no functional impairment. This study illustrates the literature regarding aetiology, epidemiology, followed by diagnostic and treatment modalities of submandibular lipomas. Continuous...

With an increasing world population, the demand for quality food is rising. To meet safe food demand, it is necessary to double or maybe triple agriculture production. Annually, almost 25% of the world crop is destroyed due to pests. During the past few decades, different pesticides, including chemical, synthetic, biological, and botanical have been adopted to achieve adequate results against pests for agriculture interests and plant safety. Globally, more than 200,000 people died every year due to direct chemical and synthetic pesticides poisoning. But these pesticides did not achieve the desired results due to delivery problems, less stability, low biodegradability, less specificity, and high cost. To overcome these problems, the rapidly emerging field of nanotechnology is considered an important achievement in the agriculture sectors in order to improve pest mortality rates and crop production. The nano-biopesticides attained special attention against the insect pests due to their small size (1-100 nm), large surface area, high stability, cost-effectiveness, fever toxicity, and easy field application. The current chapter highlights the relevance of nano-biopesticides for pest insect management on several crops of agricultural concern. The mechanisms of action, delivery, and environmental sustainability of nano-biopesticides are also discussed in the present chapter.

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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds have been consumed and utilized from long to season salads, foods, sprinkle, in confectionaries, baking for medicinal and various other purposes. Extraordinary power boosters' sesame super-food is rich in most of the nutrients. These small powerful packages contains immense amount of wellbeing. Particularly the black colored sesame seeds that is rich in reserves of calcium zinc etc. Genuinely, sesame seeds are reasonable units of fiber and protein alongside other essential minerals like calcium, manganese and copper. It has numerous benefits specifically for its role in curing liver issues.

Acute Mesenteric Ischemia is a rare condition with an incidence of 5/100,000. Occlusive subtype has the better outcome if early presentation and urgent surgical intervention is made. The study was conducted at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2018. During this time period 12 patients were enrolled in the study fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mean age was 58 years and all were male (range 45 - 75 years). All 12 patients were symptomatic at presentation with severe abdominal pain (94.3%), abdominal distension (63.6%) and vomiting (40.4%) alone or in combination. 7 patients (58.3%) presented within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms whereas 5 patients (41.6%) presented late. All patients who presented within 24 hours of onset of symptoms survived whereas all patients who presented after 24 hours from the onset of symptoms could not survive. The mortality rate for early presenters was zero % while for late presenters it was 100 %. On whole the mortality rate for our 12 patients with Acute Mesenteric Ischemia was 41.7 %. Conclusion Acute mesenteric ischemia patient presentation within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms with early diagnosis and surgical intervention had much better outcome.