With reference to the hospitalizing trips made by the elderly, the impedance of these trips that require the use of public transportation, is introduced. An evaluation model that can accurately detect the accessibility of high order urban hospitals (HOUHs) for the elderly is established with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. Furthermore, the established model is employed to detect the accessibility of first-level hospitals in Xi’an City. Results showed that the traffic connection between hospitals and their service objects is an important factor for the feasibility and effectiveness of an accessibility evaluation. It is suggested that special evaluations of the accessibility of hospitals for the elderly are needed to achieve the human-oriented goal of urban traffic planning. The well-served spatial pattern of hospitalizing accessibility for the elderly in Xi’an City has been established in recent years because of the strategies for public transit metropolis. The accessibility constraints can be divided into three types: The imprisonment, the antagonism and the running-in, for which the corresponding countermeasures to settle the low accessibility of hospitals will be taken by the planning administration. Attention is paid to specific population groups during their hospitalizing trips in the accessibility research, which is beneficial for enabling the improvement of the current traditional method which is mainly based on travel facilities.

With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, the pace of industrialization and urbanization are accelerating. Overall, 85% of global greenhouse gases come from economic development. Resource waste, environmental pollution and the global greenhouse effect are becoming increasingly serious, making the coordinated development of the economy and environment a new global initiative. In response to this challenge, China, the world's second largest economy, has put forward a series of policies to transform approaches to economic development and improve the ecological environment. As the leader of the national economy, the developed eastern coastal areas urgently need to change their approaches to facilitating harmonious coordinated economic and environmental development.

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Through the investigation of the architects ' concept about 五re − proof design and 且re − proof codes in three big cities ， Beijing ， Tianjin ， Shanghai， lhis thesis recognized the current situation of the fi 田 一 proof design and made clear how to improve the fire − pmof c ω es further in China ． Since the estabishment of Chinese fire − proof codes ， they a1e always sho1t of sciendfic basis and fo 竄⊃ e the aK) hitects to ee 叮 y them out ． Thus ， on one hand ， it is difficult to fit in with the technical improvement and 重 he variety of building styles ， on the other hand， it has also suppressed the designers to design童 he ' safe buildings ' actjve ］ y， and has made lhem de 匹 nd on the dgid 謝 s 剛 zed ' mandatory oodes ' passively ， Kcywoitis ： fiie − proofd sign ， fire − proofCO 〔k3， chsigners 「 ρ εroeption ， China

Carbon trading markets play an important role in emissions mitigation through financial tools. China has established seven carbon trading pilots in its major cities and provinces. This paper explores the evolution laws of the co-movement of daily prices between carbon markets using complex network theory. First, we combine the co-movement of prices in five continuous days to co-movement modes. Then, we construct a directed weighted complex network. The nodes are the co-movement modes. Edges are defined as the time adjacent relations of two nodes. The frequency of an edge is taken as its weight. Transaction prices for the pilots in Hubei and Shanghai are selected as the samples. Results show an appearance of 231 modes from the 243 possible patterns, indicating a scattering of co-movement modes. Among all modes, the most frequent one is the fully stable one, showing that the markets are inactive in most time. Compared to the full sample and other periods, the complex networks in the first sample period stands out due to its large nodes and the existence of rings. This finding indicates the exact mirroring of some successive co-movement modes. The method proposed in this paper helps in understanding the evolution of Intermarket co-movement.