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In this paper, a new meta-heuristic algorithm, called beetle swarm optimization (BSO) algorithm, is proposed by enhancing the performance of swarm optimization through beetle foraging principles. The performance of 23 benchmark functions is tested and compared with widely used algorithms, including particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA) and grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA). Numerical experiments show that the BSO algorithm outperforms its counterparts. Besides, to demonstrate the practical impact of the proposed algorithm, two classic engineering design problems, namely, pressure vessel design problem and himmelblau?s optimization problem, are also considered and the proposed BSO algorithm is shown to be competitive in those applications.

BackgroundTo determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and to explore related factors of depressive symptoms in hemodialysis (HD) patients in northern China.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional research design to recruit 227 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who were undergoing HD treatment in northern China during December, 2012 to March, 2013. The Chinese edition of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms. Information on quality of life (QOL), activities of daily living (ADL), social support status, coping style, self-efficacy, ego resiliency and demographic characteristics was all collected by face to face interview. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore related factors of depressive symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among HD patients was 29.1%. Patients with a lower mood have worse ADL and QOL than patients with better mood. Patients with a lower mood have got less social support than patients with better mood, including both family support and outside family support. For coping style, patients with a lower mood were more inclined to choose “acceptance-resignation” coping style than patients with better mood, while the result is opposite in “avoidance” coping style. And patients with a better mood have better self-efficacy and ego resiliency than patients with lower mood. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that ADL (OR = 1.124, p = 0.002), family support (OR = 0.867, p = 0.021), “acceptance-resignation” coping style (OR = 1.228, p = 0.022), and ego resiliency (OR = 0.944, p = 0.021) were associated with low mood independently.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms is high in CKD patients on HD in northern China. activities of daily living, family support, “acceptance-resignation” coping style and ego resiliency were independently associated with depressive symptoms.