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Modern theories attach much attention to interest rate-related problems. We discuss the impacts of the interest rate liberalization, in China, for ten commercial banks of three markedly different ownership types. The methodology is based on revisited interest rate sensitivity analysis, duration analysis and value-at-risk analysis. The situation is examined within both vertical (composition of operating income and interest rate sensitivity gap for the ten banks in the same year) and horizontal (one bank over a 7-year period) aspects. Thereafter, we discuss the present management of interest rate risks by such banks. We conclude with several suggestions on how such commercial banks risk management can be refocused and on how their cases can be used for comforting other banking cases. Keywords Risk management Á Commercial banks Á Different ownership types Á Interest rate sensitivity analysis Á Duration gap analysis Á Value-at-risk analysis Á Horizontal and vertical aspects Communicated by M. Squillante.

Climate change and global warming significantly influence farmers’ activity and lead to lower production yield. To increase production without deteriorating the environment, it is vital to substitute chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer. The utilization of organic fertilizer not only improves the soil quality but also protects the environment and helps mitigate global warming repercussions. So, there is a need to promote organic fertilizer utilization. The Internet, as an essential information medium, presently has a profound influence on farmers’ production behavior. However, the relationship between Internet use and the application of organic fertilizer is explicitly sparse, especially in China. Using the survey data of 797 vegetable growers, the current study explores the impact of Internet use on farmers’ organic fertilizer application behavior. The present study employs the propensity score matching (PSM) method to meet the study objective. According to the findings, it is unveiled that the Internet significantly promotes behavior towards applying organic fertilizer by approximately 10%. Further, the heterogeneity results show that the degree of impact varies due to differences in the level of education, vegetable farming income, and the number of vegetable laborers in the family. Moreover, social networks are also used to explore the nexus between the Internet and organic fertilizer application. The findings reveal that social networks favorably play the mediating role. The overall results propose that policymakers should establish the Internet infrastructure and an official online platform to help farmers consolidate and extend the scale of their social networks and exchange information more conveniently to improve their ability to apply environment-friendly production technology.

Using the data of Chinese A-share listed firms with non-zero innovation investment between 2007 and 2017, this paper links the value relevance of innovation investment with internal control from the perspective of operating performance and market value, respectively. This paper empirically verifies that internal control significantly increases the value relevance of innovation input, that is, the better the internal control, the more innovation investment contributes to the operating performance and market value of a firm. Then, based on the potential mechanisms of alleviating agency problems and conducting better risk management, further investigation in this paper also indicates that internal control’s moderating effect on the value relevance of innovation input is more prominent for firms with relatively more severe agency problems and for expensed R&D expenditure which represents the part of innovation investment with higher uncertainty.