In order to study and analyze the surface weathering and glass types of ancient Chinese glass relics, this paper conducts data visualization and description analysis on related issues such as cultural relics weathering and chemical composition based on existing data. Firstly, based on the existing data indicators, preprocessing is carried out, and Tableau is used for data visualization. The surface weathering of glass relics and the correlation charts of glass type, decoration and color are preliminarily obtained, and the statistical law of its component content is preliminarily described through the charts. Secondly, Spearman correlation coefficient is used to test whether the surface of glass relics is weathered or not and the correlation between glass type, decoration and color. At the same time, chi-square analysis is used to test the difference. The results show that the correlation between glass type and surface weathering is high, and the difference between different types is also high. The comprehensive analysis shows that the glass type is a significant factor affecting the surface weathering of glass relics, and the former problem is further analyzed at the specific data level.