Historical experience shows that the people’s happiness index is highly correlated with the development of agriculture. The prosperity of agriculture and industrial production has also brought most people into a well-off life. Since the innovation of agricultural production equipment and concepts, the efficiency of agricultural production in my country has also been greatly improved compared to before the reform and opening up. In the era when robots will gradually become mainstream work machinery tools, the production efficiency and supply of agricultural products will become the focus of attention of the people of all countries. In such a general environment, the competition between agricultural products markets is no longer solely based on the competitiveness of agricultural products but also depends on the advantages of the agricultural supply chain to win. This article analyzes the construction of the sustainable operation mechanism of the agricultural supply chain in the context of wireless communication and the Internet of Things. First, the method of literature research is used to explain the characteristics of the agricultural supply chain and the problems existing in the development of the current agricultural supply chain model in the context of wireless communication and the Internet of Things. Next, study the current situation of the sustainability mechanism of the agricultural supply chain, and finally optimize the construction of the sustainability mechanism of the agricultural supply chain products based on the research results. According to the survey results, the main problem with the current mechanism of the agricultural product supply chain at this stage is that the logistics information technology is difficult to update in time, accounting for about 44%, followed by the lack of effective monitoring methods, accounting for about 34%.