Long (2019) Antiallergic activity of Lactobacillusplantarum against peanut allergy in a Balb/c mouse model, Food and Agricultural Immunology, 30:1, 762-773, ABSTRACT Antiallergic activities of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) prepared from kimchi as orally administered probiotics were examined in type I peanut allergy mice models. Oral administration with L. plantarum restored the deteriorated profile of enteric flora in mice sensitized with peanut allergen and attenuated allergic symptoms, including diarrhea scores, clinical scores, serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine production. The mRNA expression of interleukin-10 and interferon-γ was suppressed and enhanced, respectively by L. plantarum administration. Thus, L. plantarum probably promoted anti-allergic activities via modulating enteric flora, intestinal cytokines mRNA expression in type I allergic mice, resulting in alleviation of allergic symptoms, including serum specific IgE and clinical hypersensitivity scores. Abbreviations: LAB: lactic acid bacteria; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PN: Ara h 2 in peanut; mRNA: messenger ribonucleic acid; IgE: immunoglobulin E.; L. plantarum: Lactobacillus plantarum ARTICLE HISTORY

Forchlorfenuron (CPPU), as a plant growth regulator, is widely applied to promote fruits and vegetables yield. The degradation of CPPU in model kiwifruit juice by sonication was investigated in the present study. Results showed that bath sonication was effective in eliminating CPPU in model kiwifruit juice, and the ultrasonic power, time and temperature significantly influenced the degradation of phorate (p < .05).The maximum degradations were achieved 72.01% after the ultrasonic treatment at 600 W, 45°C for 40 min. The primary and secondary factor order of the key factors of ultrasonic treatment was temperature > treatment time > power through analysis of variance for response surface quadratic model. Furthermore, 3-hydroxyphenylforchlorfenuron and 4-hydroxyphenyl-forchlorfenuron were identified as the degradation products of CPPU by UPCL-Q-TOF-MS. Practical applicationsKiwifruit had grown throughout the world owing to its good taste, flavor, and significant nutritional. Forchlorfenuron (1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea) is the most widely used plant growth regulators (PGR) for kiwifruit cultivation and protection.Ultrasonic treatment may effectively degrade PGR residues and mostly retain the sensory and nutritional quality of the product. Compared to other thermal treatments, forchlorfenuron subjected to ultrasonic treatment maybe show better removal efficiency. Thus, as an easy operation and low-cost processing technology, ultrasonic technique may be commercially useful to develop forchlorfenuron residues in Kiwifruit juice and other PGR residues.

Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In contrast, the extraction technology of cAMP from jujube is still to be explored. In this study, the ultra-high pressure extraction (UHPE) conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized. Orthogonal array design (OAD) was applied to evaluate the effects of three variables (pressure, pressure-holding time, and liquid-to-solid ratio) by UHPE on cAMP yield. The results showed that the optimal cAMP yield (1223.2 μg/g) was derived at 300 MPa, 20 min duration, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 2.5 ml/g. In addition, as an important functional ingredient in jujube, cAMP has potential anti-allergic effect. To develop the functional characteristics of jujube, the effect of cAMP was characterized in vivo with the Balb/c mouse model of peanut allergy, which was established by subcutaneous injection of crude peanut protein extract (PN). The results showed that treatment with cAMP in PN-sensitized mice suppressed the lesions in jejunal tissues and allergic symptoms and restored spleen index. Meanwhile, cAMP treatment reduced serum levels of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, as well as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and stimulated the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereas the serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) were not affected. Our results suggested that cAMP has an anti-allergic effect in PN-sensitized mice.

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