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On the basis of morphological examination, field investigation, observation of cultivated accessions and statistical analysis, the genus Miscanthus s.l. (Poaceae) from China was taxonomically revised. Two subgenera (Miscanthus subgenus Miscanthus and Miscanthus subgenus Diandranthus), two sections [Miscanthus subgenus Miscanthus section Miscanthus and Miscanthus subgenus Miscanthus section Triarrhena (Maximowicz) Honda], six species, two subspecies and four varieties in this genus were recognized in this report. Miscanthus sacchariflorus ssp. lutarioriparius and Miscanthus nudipes var. yunnanensis were also recognized.A key to the taxa of Miscanthus from China is provided. A morphological description, distribution, and habit and phenology are summarized for each species. Distribution maps and morphological illustrations of each species are also provided.

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