In order to ease the traffic congestion near primary and secondary schools during the drop-off and pick-up, traffic behavior was analyzed, and a quantitative allocation method for parking spaces was proposed. The proposed method includes three steps. Firstly, a vehicle queuing model based on G/M/N queue theory was built, and MATLAB was employed to simulate the queuing model to obtain a reasonable parking space for drop-off. Secondly, the reasonable parking space for pick-up is determined based on the cumulative number of vehicles. Finally, an optimization model for the scale of total parking spaces and the short-term parking spaces was proposed to achieve maximum utilization of parking spaces. An empirical analysis and verification were conducted based on actual traffic data of schools. The results show that the proposed model can analyze the overall scale of the parking space for primary and secondary school, as well as the scale of the short-term parking spaces. And the proposed scale of the parking space can well meet the actual parking demand.

Informationization is the development trend around the world. In terms of agriculture, it is informationization that the Chinese government takes as a significant strategy in order to solve the 'agriculture, farmer and village' problem. Focusing on how to measure the contribution of agricultural informationization to economic growth, this paper explores several key issues in current literatures and summarizes the latest debates in respects of the concept of agricultural informationization, the evaluation method of agricultural informatization, and the calculation method of contribution rate of agricultural informationization to economic growth. This paper finally argues that further research is urgently needed for the contribution rate of agricultural informationization to economic growth due to the existing literature gap regarding the research scope, calculation method, informationization's impact on agriculture itself, and the practice.

Manglietia conifera Dandy is a fast-growing tree species that has been introduced to China from Vietnam, which has great potential for commercial planting. However, plantation development is hindered by a lack of seed material, due to low natural seed-set in locally grown trees. Thus, we investigated the morphological characteristics of male and female flower organs, and conducted controlled pollination to understand the breeding systems of the species. The individual flower of M. conifera is bisexual, and the stamen group is polymerized at the base of the receptacle. Pollen is symmetrically distributed on both sides. Controlled pollination suggests that apomixis does not occur in M. conifera. Results from the flower structure, pollen-ovule ratio, outcrossing index, and controlled pollination indicated that the breeding system in M. conifera was outcrossing (partially self-compatible, pollinators required), and self-incompatibility occurred in a later stage of embryonic development. Moreover, the self-incompatibility phenomenon was revealed by the abnormal germination of pollen on the stigma. This paper provides a basis for controlled pollination programs of M. conifera.Breeding systems play a decisive role in the success of reproduction in plants [10][11][12], and research in this field mainly includes floral characteristics, pollination and mating systems [13]. Flowering pattern and flower longevity directly affect the type of breeding systems [14,15]. Flower arrangement is also an important factor that influences mating success [16]. Understanding the floral structure is the basis for studying breeding systems [17][18][19]. Murawski [20] divided mating systems into selfing, mixed mating and outcrossing. Individuals with hermaphrodite flowers may resort to self-pollination, which leads to minimum genetic variation in their offspring [21]. However, geitonogamy may also mitigate pollen limitation in self-compatible plants [22]. In addition, morphological characteristics of the flower and breeding systems of a plant are useful to research in order to explore the causes of plant abortion. The breeding systems and abortion mechanism of plants are discussed by means of the hybridization index, pollen-ovule ratio, bagging test and other methods and indicators [23,24]. Therefore, floral syndrome and breeding system investigations are not only conducive to understanding the pollination mechanism and mating patterns, but also have scientific significance for further investigating the evolution and environmental compatibility of plants [25].Thus, we analyzed the floral structure, breeding system and controlled pollination of M. conifera: (1) What are the floral structure characteristics of M. conifera? (2) What are the breeding systems, results from flower structure, pollen-ovule ratio, outcrossing index, and controlled pollination? (3) What are the results of controlled pollination, and what are the barriers to successful pollination, and fruit and seed-set? The answers to these questions can contribute to artificial pol...

Visually evaluating the goodness of generated Multivariate Time Series (MTS) are difficult to implement, especially in the case that the generative model is Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We present a general framework named Gaussian GANs to visually evaluate GANs using itself under the MTS generation task. Firstly, we attempt to find the transformation function in the multivariate Kolmogorov-Smirnov (MKS) test by explicitly reconstructing the architecture of GANs. Secondly, we conduct the normality test of transformed MST where the Gaussian GANs serves as the transformation function in the MKS test. In order to simplify the normality test, an efficient visualization is proposed using the χ 2 distribution. In the experiment, we use the UniMiB dataset and provide empirical evidence showing that the normality test using Gaussian GANs and χ 2 visualization is effective and credible.Preprint. Under review.