Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive brain tumors with high morbidity and mortality. Hypoxia is often the common characteristic of tumor microenvironment, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an essential factor regulating the migratory activity of cancer cells including glioblastoma. Recently, mitochondrial dynamics was found to be involved in the aggression of cancer cells. However, whether dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) contributes to the migration of human glioblastoma cells under hypoxia remains unknown. In the present study, hypoxia was found to upregulate the transcription and expression of Drp1, and stimulated mitochondrial fission in glioblastoma U251 cells. Inhibition of HIF-1α with echinomycin blocked hypoxia‑induced expression of Drp1. Notably, Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 efficiently attenuated hypoxia-induced mitochondrial fission and migration of U251 cells. In addition, three U251 stable cell lines expressing GFP, GFP-Drp1 and dominant negative GFP-Drp1‑K38A were established to examine the direct role of Drp1 in hypoxia-induced migration. MTT assay showed that there was no significant difference in proliferation of three cell lines. Compared with the GFP cell line, exogenously expressed GFP-Drp1-K38A inhibited hypoxia-induced migration of U251 cells, while stable expression of GFP-Drp1 enhanced the migration of U251 cells under hypoxia. Therefore, this study indicates the involvement of Drp1 in hypoxia-induced migration of human glioblastoma U251 cells, and suggests Drp1 to be a potential therapeutic target to suppress the aggression of glioblastoma in the future.

To investigate the clinical value of changes in the subtypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes and levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19, the total numbers of lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes were calculated and observed in different groups of patients with COVID-19. The results show that the lymphocytopenia in patients with COVID-19 was mainly manifested by decreases in the CD4+ T lymphocyte number and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. The decreased number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract