The relationship between plasma EBV-DNA load (PEDL) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA (EBER) during early treatment of lymphoma remains unclear. We explored discrepancies in PEDL and variables associated with EBER, and evaluated the consistency between EBER and qualitative analysis of PEDL (qPEDL). Serial measurements of PEDL were performed to determine the dynamic changes of PEDL in early treatment of lymphoma. As a result, the median PEDL of NHL-NKT was higher than that of NHL-B, the median PEDL of ENKTCL was higher than that of DLBCL, and the median PEDL of EBER positive was higher than that of EBER negative. Age, Ki-67 ≧ 80%, Bcl-2 ≧ 80%, p53 and qPEDL were related to EBER. The PEDL could distinguish NHL-B, DLBCL, NHL-NKT and ENKTCL from other lymphoma subtypes. EBER-positive patients spent more time with viral "turn negative (TN)" and "continuous positive (CP)", and less time with viral "continuous negative (CN)". The median PEDL of CP was higher than that of TN. In conclusion, although EBER affects the levels of PEDL in general, it has poor concordance with qPEDL. Our results show, for the rst time, that high PEDL and positive EBER present a strong association with viral recurrence and persistent infection in the early treatment of lymphoma.

Background Few studies have investigated the gender-specific impact of adolescent dissociative symptoms (ADSs) in China. The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in the impact factors of ADSs in Hangzhou City, China, as well as to investigate further the direct and interactive effects between ADSs and impact factors by constructing a structural equation model (SEM). Methods A school-based, two-center cross-sectional study was conducted in Hangzhou City, China. The sample comprised 2,160 adolescents aged 13–18 years who were randomly selected using a multi-phase, stratified, cluster sampling technique. We used a SEM to explore the direct and interactive effects between ADSs and influencing factors by gender stratification. Results A total of 1,916 participants were included in the two-center cross-sectional study. The male SEM model showed that the significant standardized paths (P < 0.05) were between psychological factors and environment factors, both positively related to ADSs (psychological factors and environment factors). In addition, a significant correlation was also observed between teacher-student conflict relationship and ADSs. The female SEM model indicated that there were the significant standardized paths between peer interpersonal interaction relationship and psychological factors, in which peer interpersonal interaction relationship was negatively correlated to ADSs, and psychological factors tended to correlate positively with ADSs. We also found that there was a correlation between peer interpersonal interaction relationship and hostility. Our findings indicated that the strongest effect was psychological factors for male (total standardized β = 0.365) or female ADSs (total standardized β = 0.674). The SEM model fit indices indicated that the proposed models fit the data for both male and female ADSs. Conclusions Our findings suggested that health resources and strategies could be allocated and performed rationally to enhance their utilization efficiency during ADSs screening and other public health actions. To reduce the risks of adolescent dissociative disorders and other mental disorders, we urgently need to develop gender-specific intervention strategies for ADSs.

The relationship between plasma EBV-DNA load (PEDL) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA (EBER) during early treatment of lymphoma remains unclear. We explored discrepancies in PEDL and variables associated with EBER, and evaluated the consistency between EBER and qualitative analysis of PEDL (qPEDL). Serial measurements of PEDL were performed to determine the dynamic changes of PEDL in early treatment of lymphoma. As a result, the median PEDL of NHL-NKT was higher than that of NHL-B, the median PEDL of ENKTCL was higher than that of DLBCL, and the median PEDL of EBER positive was higher than that of EBER negative. Age, Ki-67 ≧ 80%, Bcl-2 ≧ 80%, p53 and qPEDL were related to EBER. The PEDL could distinguish NHL-B, DLBCL, NHL-NKT and ENKTCL from other lymphoma subtypes. EBER-positive patients spent more time with viral “turn negative (TN)” and “continuous positive (CP)”, and less time with viral “continuous negative (CN)”. The median PEDL of CP was higher than that of TN. In conclusion, although EBER affects the levels of PEDL in general, it has poor concordance with qPEDL. Our results show, for the first time, that high PEDL and positive EBER present a strong association with viral recurrence and persistent infection in the early treatment of lymphoma.

Background: So far, there are few studies that have investigated the risk of incident multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among individuals with previous tuberculosis history (PTBH), let alone developed a nomogram so as to comprehensively estimate an individualized risk of incident MDR-TB in this population. The present study was to construct a comprehensive nomogram for providing simple and precise personalized prediction of incident MDR-TB risk among individuals with PTBH.Methods: A matched case−control study (1: 2 ratios) was performed between 2005 and 2018 in Hangzhou City, China. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate independent predictors of incident MDR-TB in individuals with PTBH. A comprehensive nomogram was developed based on the multivariable Cox model.Results: Overall, 1, 836 participants were included in this study. We developed a simple-to-use nomogram for predicting the individualized risk of incident MDR-TB by using the parameters of age < 60 years, a history of direct contact, passive mode of TB case finding, human immunodeficiency virus infection, re-treated TB history, unsuccessful treatment, 3HRZES/6HRE, duration of pulmonary cavities, and duration of positive sputum culture in individuals with PTBH. The concordance index of this nomogram was 0.833 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.807-0.859] and 0.871 (95% CI 0.773-0.969) for the training and validation sets, respectively, which indicated adequate discriminatory power. The calibration curves for the risk of incident MDR-TB showed an optimal agreement between nomogram prediction and actual observation in the training and validation sets, respectively. The high sensitivity and specificity of nomogram was indicated by using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Conclusions: We developed and validated a novel nomogram for predicting and preventing the risk of incident MDR-TB in individuals with PTBH. Through this clinic tool, TB control executives could more precisely monitor, estimate and intervene the risk of incident MDR-TB among individual PTB patients.