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Friedel−Crafts alkylation of long-chain alkenes (mixed C16−24 olefins) with toluene catalyzed by chloroaluminate ionic liquids was investigated systematically in this work. The catalysts were characterized by FT-IR (acetonitrile molecule as probe), specific gravity, and 27 Al NMR. Besides, the effect of chloroaluminate ionic liquids catalysts, catalysts dosage, toluene/olefins molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and C16−24 olefins (long-chain alkenes) on alkylation were investigated thoroughly. Bromine value and high performance liquid chromatography were employed as the evaluation method for alkylation products. The experiment results indicate that excellent conversion (99.85%) and good selectivity (32.99%) of C18 olefins alkylation have been reached under the optimal reaction conditions (T/O molar ratio = 10:1, catalyst/olefins = 0.3:1, 50 °C, 20 min). Moreover, the catalytic recyclability of [HMIM]Cl-2AlCl 3 was proved after 10 reuses. The study shows that [HMIM]Cl-2AlCl 3 not only has catalytic performance on long-chain alkenes alkylation but also exhibits excellent recyclability, possessing a possibility of industrial continuous production.

A series of novel strobilurin analogues (1a-1f, 2a-2e, 3a-3e) containing arylpyrazole rings were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The structures of 1f, 2b and 3b were also determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. These analogues were collected together with other twenty-eight similar compounds 4a-4f, 5a-5h, 6a-6h and 7a-7f from our previous studies, for in vitro bioassays and thorough structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies. Most compounds exhibited excellent-to-good fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, especially 5c, 7a, 6c, and 3b with 98.94%, 83.40%, 71.40% and 65.87% inhibition rates at 0.1 μg mL−1, respectively, better than commercial pyraclostrobin. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was employed to study three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSARs). Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was also carried out to provide more information regarding SARs. The present work provided some hints for developing novel strobilurin fungicides.