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A series of room temperature ionic liquids (ILs), in which cholinium acts as the cation and amino acids as the anions, were prepared via a simple and green chemical route, and characterized. Most of the ILs dissolved lignin efficiently and selectively (with solubilities of 140-220 mg of lignin per g of IL). The solubility of xylan in these ILs (which ranged from <1 to 85 mg g -1 ) depended on the nature of the anion, while cellulose was scarcely soluble (<5 mg g -1 ). In addition, enzymatic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose and rice straw was enhanced significantly after pretreatment using the IL [Ch][Gly].Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been attracting increasing attention as electrolyte materials, catalysts and solvents for synthesis, catalysis and extraction etc., due to their excellent properties such as low vapor pressure, nonflammability, high thermal and chemical stability, and outstanding ability to dissolve a wide range of compounds.

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