An Integrated structural and material topology optimization method considering optimal material orientation is presented based the on bi-direction evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method. It is assumed that the macrostructure is composed of uniform cellular material but with different orientation. The homogenization method is used to calculate the effective material properties which builds a connection between material and structure. The continuous material orientation design variables and the discrete topology design variables are treated hierarchically in an iteration. The principal stress method is adopted and embedded to determine the optimal material orientation, meanwhile the topologies of the macrostructure and its material microstructure are concurrently optimized by using the BESO method. Numerical examples are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.