Earlobe keloids are commonly encountered in dermatological practice and often prove to be recurrent, despite a variety of treatment options. Recurrent keloids, particularly in the head and neck, are associated with unsightly cosmetic consequences, particularly in younger patients. There is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment for recurrent keloids. However, re-excision accompanied by adjuvant treatment is often recommended. Low-dose fractionated radiotherapy (12 Gy in three fractions) delivered within 24 hours of excision remains an effective adjuvant option, although due consideration needs to be given to the small risk of radiation-induced malignancy. We aim to discuss the role of adjuvant radiotherapy for recurrent keloids and present the relevant literature.

Population registry data and published studies have demonstrated that melanomas in the transplant population occur 1.6-2.5 times more commonly compared with the general population. Studies examining possible risk factors have suggested that in this patient population, there is an increased number of melanocytic naevi. Whether this phenomenon is aetiologically related to subsequent melanoma development is currently unclear. Only one study examined the prognosis of melanomas in this population. The Israel Penn International Transplant Tumor Registry has collated patient data voluntarily submitted by transplant physicians throughout the USA since 1968. Analysis of melanomas in this study found that approximately half were Breslow thickness >1.51 mm. Overall, there was a high rate of nodal and distant metastases, with poorer 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates compared with the general population. There is a paucity of good-quality evidence regarding melanoma in organ transplant recipients. Further research involving international collaborative trials, particularly on risk factors and the prognosis of melanomas in this population, could present a more substantial evidence base from which treatment guidelines based on data could be developed.

A 62-year-old woman presented with diffuse alopecia areata affecting more than 50% of her scalp hairs with sparing of non-pigmented hairs. She was treated with a 2-month course of oral prednisolone and extensive hair regrowth occurred. The new hairs were completely non-pigmented. As a result, the patient's hair colour is now strikingly and completely white, with a normal hair density. This response has been sustained for 6 months after cessation of treatment.

The Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO2 EOR) application to the offshore oil field in Vietnam has been investigated through an international joint study scheme between Japan and Vietnam since 2007 and a preliminary study for potential CO2 EOR application indicated feasibility to some extent. To reduce and mitigate technical uncertainties/risks in the field scale EOR implementation, in May 2011, a CO2 EOR pilot test was executed in a sandstone reservoir of Rang Dong oil field, offshore Vietnam. The test was designed to be conducted as a single-well test, and generally called CO2 Huff-n-Puff. Major field operations included test string installation, pre-CO2 injection flow, CO2 injection (ca. 111 metric tonnes) and post-CO2 injection flow. Whole operation was performed satisfactorily with all objectives achieved. During the test, clear increment of oil rate and reduction of water cut were observed after CO2 injection as well as oil composition change. The contrast of CO2 injectivity and oil saturation change in the reservoir was confirmed by saturation logs, etc. Being the first CO2 EOR application in Southeast Asia and also offshore application worldwide is rarely reported, the operational gained is especially valuable. This paper is to describe the process of engineering design, planning, onshore preparation and field execution leading to the success of the project 1 . IntroductionRang Dong oil field is located approximately 135km offshore from Vung Tau, Vietnam. The field has been producing oil since 1998 from two major reservoirs, fractured granite Basement (BM) reservoir and Lower Miocene (LM) sandstone reservoir. From 2007 to 2010, a study of CO2 EOR application for sandstone reservoir in Rang Dong field had been implemented. The study result indicated that more than 32 million barrels of additional oil would be recovered; however it will require huge investment for construction of CO2 supply infrastructure, CO2 separation/ recovery, and the modification of existing production facilities, etc. Therefore, CO2 Huff-n-Puff was selected as the first step preparing for field scale CO2 EOR application in the future. CO2 Huff-n-Puff is basically a well stimulation technique in one well, which composes mainly three stages i.e., 1) Inject CO2 into a single producing well [Huff], 2) Shut in the well to allow CO2 to dissipate and dissolve, and 3) Produce the well back [Puff]. Selection of test well was one of critical issues for a successful pilot test in terms of reservoir quality to secure good CO2 injectivity and high reservoir pressure to achieve minimum miscible pressure (MMP) as defined from the study 2 during CO2 injection. The selected test well was an oil producer of BM reservoir, which had well path penetrating LM reservoir at shallower section. The BM reservoir of the well was no longer producing oil and under schedule for sidetracking. Therefore, it was proposed to perforate 9-5/8" casing of the well to access LM reservoir for CO2 Huff-n-Puff test. Fig.1 is the schematic of test well. The entire project...

Objectives: To investigate the current situation of skin cancer in the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology (NHDV) with an emphasis on epidemiology and time trends over 5-year period from 2017 to 2021.Subjects and methods: We analyzed medical data of all patients with definitive diagnosis of skin cancer who were hospitalized at the NHDV between January 2017 and December 2021. Results: A total of 866 patients were identified. There were 579 (66.86%) cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 238 (27.48%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 22 (2.54%) cases of melanoma, and other types of skin cancer occurred in 3.12% (27 cases) of patients. The age group over 60 years old accounted for 60.28% of patients. The mean age of patients with BCC gradually decreased from 65.01 in 2017 to 61.64 in 2021 and the proportion of patients under 60 years old increased statistically significantly over the years (p < 0.01). The male/female ratio was 0.97 (p = 0.715) and 71.02% of the patients lived in rural areas.Conclusion: BCC is the most common type of skin cancer. About 60% of skin cancer patients were diagnosed at age ≥ 60 but tend to be younger. Men and women have similar incidence of skin cancer and the majority of patients live in rural areas.