The research and application of leachate in the treatment of leachate in UASB reactors are increasing, but UASB also has problems such as poor resistance to organic load impact and unstable operation. In order to improve the anaerobic performance stability of an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB) subjected to high organic loading shock, pumice was added to the leachate from the incineration. The reinforcement effect of pumice on the anaerobic efficiency of the reactor was studied by increasing the influent load. The results showed that with a gradual increase in the influent organic load [11.6‒66.6 kg COD/(m3∙d)] and without the addition of pumice, irreversible acidification took place in the reactor (R1) when the influent load reached 14.51 kg COD/(m3∙d). The average methane output and content were reduced to 39.7 L/d and 66.16%, respectively. In contrast, the reactor (R2) with pumice could still be operated stably when the influent organic load reached 40.04 kg COD/(m3∙d). The COD removal rate reached 91.80%, and the average methane output and content were increased by 42.30% and 15.20%, respectively. The results of analyzing the sludge microbial community structure in the reactor showed that the adding of pumice could selectively enrich the methanogenic bacterium methanosaeta, promote the decomposition of volatile fatty acid (VFA), effectively mitigate the acid inhibition effect of VFA on the anaerobic reactor, and enhance the balance between acidogenic bacteria (Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria) and methanogenic bacterium (Methanosaeta) to a great degree. These results prove that the addition of pumice filler can reinforce the resistance of UASB to organic loading.

Landfill leachate usually contains a wide variety of organic pollutants, as well as high concentrations of salts, heavy metals, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen. In different places, the leachate varies greatly due to the diversity of garbage components. The improper treatment of leachate would largely pollute the environment. Therefore, developing a suitable treatment method during leachate is still a big challenge [2].UASB reactor is an effective treatment method for waste incineration generated leachate. Recently, many studies have been focused on the UASB reactor based