Performance appraisal is one of the key management tools which identifies employees’ strengths and weaknesses. Usually, this is the major mechanism of gathering information for rewarding/training employees based on their performance, and hence a key to achieve organisational goals by creating a satisfied workforce. Therefore, this study was aimed at examining the effects of the Performance Appraisal Process on job satisfaction of the university academic staff. The information collected within one of the largest universities in the UK via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews showed that the existing appraisal process majorly aligned with the requirements of the research-excellence-framework of the UK, which is greatly concerned with research rather than teaching. Furthermore, it was found that there is no clear link between promotions, salary increments, and rewards, etc. with staff performance within the current appraisal process. Eventually, it was realised that the majority of the academic staff of the source university were dissatisfied with the current performance appraisal process, and this could be the situation in the majority of universities in the UK. Therefore, further research in this area is highly recommended to explore extensive information to create a favourable work/study environment for both staff and students within the universities.

Library of a university considered as an important entity of a university and employees of the library have a key role to play in disseminating knowledge to the academic clientele in the university. This study conducted to comprehensively investigate the job satisfaction of employees as the main objective and followed by identifying the main factors and finally to provide suggestions to overcome the dissatisfaction level of jobs of staff serving in respective universities. Study sample comprised with 510 respondents representing all professional, para-professional and support staff categories working in 14 university libraries in Sri Lanka. Semi structured questionnaire with five point likert scale used to collect quantitative data for the study. The study findings indicates that university library employees were moderately satisfied with their jobs and in general and co-workers, salary and benefits, physical working condition, career development opportunities, work itself, appreciation and feedback identified as the main factors of job satisfaction. The present study recommend to take immediate measurements to enhance the level of job satisfaction among employees by enhancing a collaborative working atmosphere, provide more career development opportunities, establish a proper mechanism for provide appreciation and feedback to enrich the current level of job satisfaction of library staff.

Rapid bone substitutes manufacturing is highly important due to a vast number casualties are stepped to the society as a result of mainly traffic accidents, natural disasters and civil wars. Though casualties are grouped into several categories, a considerable number of patients is fallen into the bone associated injuries. It is also notable that especially the traffic related accidents and natural disasters may occur in populated regions. Due to financial reasons all the hospitals in the developing countries cannot maintain sophisticated scanning equipments along with their software solutions. Therefore having a lightweight software solution that facilitates bone profiling will be beneficial for patients and it also helps surgeons to prepare a care plan depending on the disorder. However, the artificial tools that are inserted to the human body can vary upon the injury. Hence, they should be highly customizable. Though computerized 3D modeling started around two decades ago, a few tools are available to assist surgeons in such situations. The available applications and techniques have limited functionalities thus, the manufactured bone grafts may not perfectly be suited to the lesion or injury. In this paper we propose a minimally invasive procedures to model bone grafts. In which, quality control methods for noise removals and 3D data compression mechanisms are coupled to the software solution that runs even on typical personal computer systems. The end result of the 3D modeled bone can be employed to extract the cavity, clip regions of interest and even to test the manufactured bone graft before the surgical procedure. Thereby, the process of manufacturing the prosthetic and the clinical procedures will be efficient and reliable.

The origin of libraries in Sri Lanka is related to the introduction of Buddhism to the Island. Buddhism was formally introduced to Sri Lanka by Venerable Mahinda, in the third century B.C. during the reign of King Devanampiyatissa. The advent of Arahant Mahinda and Arahant Sangamimtha to the country during the ancient Anurādhapura era was considered as major landmark in history. The art of literary tradition and bibliographic activities properly began in the ancient Sri Lankan history with these two important events. Education also was enriched by the influence of Buddhism during the Anurādhapura period. There were three main learning centers for monks in ancient Sri Lanka namely the Mahavihara, the Abhayagiri and the Jetavana. It was quite possible that these religious and educational centers possess repositories of books or may be simply known as libraries. Recorded evidence available in the Mahawamsa and Culawamsa showed that there had been large numbers of monastic libraries in ancient Sri Lanka but it is difficult to find recorded evidence of these early types of libraries, except for the written facts available in early literature regarding their existence.