The density of 0.5-3 m thick vapor-deposited films of water ice were measured by combined optical interferometry and microbalance techniques during deposition on an optically flat gold substrate from a capillary array gas source. The films were of high optical quality with an index of refraction of 1.29Ϯ0.01 at 435.8 nm, a density of 0.82Ϯ0.01 g/cm 3 , and a porosity of 0.13Ϯ0.01. In contrast to previous studies, none of the measured properties exhibited any significant variation with growth rate or temperature over the range studied ͑0.6-2 nm/min, 20-140 K͒.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.