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A system for monitoring drug use was based on the data from annual surveys of two contrasting population groups, a general cross-section of young people and a cross-section of antisocial deviants. Correlation of deviancy and drug use established that drug use, both licit and illicit, was more extensive among those who suffered parental deprivation, whose parents were divorced or separated, who had psychiatric illness and particularly those who had committed antisocial acts. The degree of antisocial deviancy correlated with the extent of drug use.

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The following three studies report some factors involved in and methods of measuring experimentally induced disturbance. The first concerns a relatively simple variable operating at the time disturbance is created ; the second deals with the effect of a 'therapy' applied after the creation of a more complex kind of disturbance ; the third examines methods of measurement, since the first two studies raised doubts about the best means of representing degree of disturbance in quantitative terms. I. Adaptive and Non-adaptive Activity During DisturbanceVarious experiments (e.g., *, 12, 14, 15, l ' ) give evidence that overt muscular movements serve to restore equilibrium during autonomic disturbance. It can be predicted from later studies (3, lo, 11) that adaptive movements have a greater restoring effect than nonadaptive movements. This experiment was designed to test that prediction by comparing autonomic disturbance, measured through changes in skin conductance, under conditions of no movement, nonadaptive movement and adaptive movement. Subjectswho were unawzre of the purpose of the experiment.The Ss were 24 undergraduate volunteers, 12 male and IZ female, ApparatusThe apparatus provided a continuous record of skin conductance, hand movement, time and signals ; it consisted of three main parts :A psycho-galvanometer(a) was adapted to give a continuous record of skin conductance by a sparking method.(4) Gauze electrodes moistened with warm, centi-normal zinc sulphate solution were securely fixed to the anterior surface of each arm near the base of the wrist.Hand movements were recorded pneumatically from a rubber airfilled cylinder held in each hand and connected to an ink-writing tambour.Disturbance was created by an A.C. electric shock of about )-second duration delivered from an induction coil to electrodes placed on the anterior surface of the left forearm, midway between wrist and elbow.