No abstract

Представлены результаты оценки трудоемкости и норм времени интеллектуального творческого труда на основе теории сложности, позволяющей оценить компетенционную сложность продукта исследовательского труда. В качестве продукта исследовательского, творческого труда предложено считать новые знания, компетенционная сложность которых состоит из сложности знания, новизны знания и коммерческого потенциала. Авторами обоснована возможность использования подходов и принципов теории сложности при нормировании творческого труда с учетом того, что его продуктом являются новые знания. Ввиду целесообразности применения экспертных оценок при определении трудоемкости творческого труда предложено при оценке компетенционной сложности продукта творческого труда использовать методы и подходы нечеткой логики. Построена зависимость трудоемкости исследовательской деятельности от компетенционной сложности, которая позволяет оценить временные затраты, необходимые на реализацию исследовательского проекта с заданной компетенционной сложностью ожидаемого результата. Представлены результаты оценки трудоемкости и нормирования научно-исследовательского труда как творческого труда, и в рамках нечеткой логики сформулированы основные термы, позволяющие учесть специфику и структуру творческой задачи, что дает возможность осуществить количественную оценку в целях дальнейшей монетизации результатов творческого труда.

The article discusses the assessment of the complexity and time costs of the staff selection carried out by outsourcing recruitment companies. The objects of the study are to identify factors affecting the complexity of recruiting, to meet the issue of quantitative interpretation of qualitative estimates of the complexity of the work performed, and to develop an empirical dependence of the time spent on staff recruitment. As a result of the work performed, based on expert surveys, the main factors were identified that determine the complexity of the recruitment work, including the employer's reputation capital, recruiting policy, and job placement. For a quantitative interpretation of these estimates, a fuzzy expert system was developed that defines an integral indicator of the complexity of a recruiting order. The dependence of the complexity of the order on the difficulty and size of the order, which allows us to estimate the timing and other costs of recruiting, was revealed. The results of the study can be used to estimate time spent on recruiting personnel, both by recruiting agencies and corporate personnel management and HR departments, which are usually engaged in staff recruitment.

By the case of the economic development of Great Britain, the hypothesis was verified that innovations at the macroeconomic level should accelerate economic growth and at the same time reduce development risks, stabilizing this growth, reducing its fluctuations under the influence of market factors. The economic development of Great Britain is investigated in 25 economic cycles for the period from 1830-2020. Economic development was investigated according to the parameters of economic growth and development risk in each of the considered cycles. Four types of economic development policy are theoretically described in terms of the dynamics of changes in growth and risk between the previous and subsequent cycles including progressive, regressive, aggressive and conservative. In relation to the identified periods of progressive development policy in Great Britain, the institutional innovations that led to this type of development were investigated. Among them was the great economic reform of the early Victorian era, the course of social or new liberalism and the popular budget before the First World War, the activities of the first Labor government immediately after this war, economic recovery after World War II in combination with the Marshall plan and nationalization, the era of the Conservatives and the politics of New Labor at the end of the 20th century. The study showed that the implementation of authentic national culture and institutions complementary to the existing authentic culture institutions of institutional innovations leads to a simultaneous decrease in the risk of development and acceleration of economic growth, which can be considered the most favorable policy of macroeconomic management of entrepreneurial activity in order to accelerate the application of technical and commercial innovations.