This study was to evaluate the effects of feed supplements containing tannins, NPN and mineral on milk yield and milk quality of dairy cattle. Nine lactating dairy cows were designed in experiment by a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Treatment consists of R0: Total Mixed Ration (TMR); RA: TMR + supplements A; RB: TMR + supplement B. The results showed that supplementation of feed supplements A and B were no effect on milk yield and quality but were had significantly different effect on Milk production efficiency for MPE (Milk yield/FCM). Feed supplement A can increase milk yield by 20.88% and feed supplement B increase milk yield by 8.07% compare with only TMR feeding. All supplementation feed supplement had average milk yield higher than control feed. In conclusion the feed supplements increase feed efficiency for dairy cattle.  Index Terms-milk yield, milk quality, dairy cattle, feed supplement

Since excessive use of in-feed antibiotics and chemical feed supplements can potentially affect health risks and environmental problems, organic feed supplement became alternative save material. Organic material such as essential oils (EO) is potential for feed additive in the livestock industry because of their main activity as rumen manipulator. Their potential as rumen manipulators has not enough for type and doses of essential oils experiment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate 6 essential oils/EO’s (garlic/, thyme, clove, orange peel, mint, and cinnamon) with different doses (100, 200 and 300 ppm) on in vitro rumen methane reduction and in vitro digestibility using in vitro gas production technique. The experiment resulted highest level in in-vitro methane reduction potential (MRP, %) 72.83% at orange peel oils 300 ppm after 6 h incubation, while using clove oils 300 ppm had highest in vitro true digestibility of dry matter (IVTDDM) 81.41% after 30-hour incubation. Using Cinnamon oils had high value both of MRP level and IVTDDM (48.91 and 79.12 %). In Conclusion, all essential oils reduced in vitro rumen methane production at 6 h incubation compared to control at 300 ppm and there was no negative effect on In Vitro Digestibility.

The overall transportation process is a gripping activity for goats and sheep. Goats and sheep canexperience stress as reflected by indicators of weight loss, physiological responses and blood metabolites.The use of sheep goat and sheep conveyance according to the Regulation of the Minister of Agricultureof the Republic of Indonesia number 114/Permentan/PD.410/9/2014concerning the transportation ofsacrificial animals, vehicles can be designed for a maximum of two decks. Farmers use pick-up vehiclesarranged in three levels to reduce transportation costs. This study uses two triple-deck pick-up vehiclesfor 60 goats and 60 sheep. Each deck is filled with 20 animals and five animals are taken as samples.The design used by using a randomized block design (RBD), the position of the deck (deck 1, deck 2,deck 3) as a factor, and body weight as groups. The evaluation results of goat and sheep transportationwith a distance of ± 674 km (± 16 hours of travel) shows that deck has no significant effect (P>0.05) onthe weight loss of goat and sheep also did not affect (P>0.05) on the physiological response and bloodmetabolites. The stress level of goats and sheep transported is not affected by deck position.

Palm oil cake (BS) and Solid ex decanter (SD) are feed ingredients produced from palm oil processing which is available in large quantities. BS and SD have high protein content could be used as ruminant feed but have high fat content could be decreased rumen metabolism. Therefore. solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology is one way to overcome this problem. This study aims to improve the nutritional quality and digestibility of mixed feed palm oil cake and solid ex decanter (BS/SD) which is fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus (RO) mushroom. Application SSF technology for different combination of mixed feed BS/SD (70/30, 50/50 and 30/70) was carried out for 6 days which was then analyzed on the quality of the proximate. fiber fractions and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) value (daisy incubator ANKOM Technology). The result showed that the mixed feed BS/SD 50/50 was the best combination with Rhizopus oligosporus inoculum with doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8%. Hence, this SSF technology was effective process for increasing protein content and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) 60% - 67.26% with combination BS/SD 50/50 and RO inoculum with doses 0.2 and 0.4 percent.