Russia’s soil is degraded by simplified agricultural production technologies, lack of fertilizers, plant protection products, irrigation, improper use of crop rotations or their absence, and weakening of state control over the use and protection of agricultural land. There is a depletion of available land. The average annual deficit of humus in the arable layer is 0.52 tons per hectare, and the applied doses of organic and mineral fertilizers do not compensate for the loss of soil nutrients. 46% of the surveyed area is characterized by a low content of organic substances. The renewal and preservation of fertility of Russia’s soils suitable for vegetable growing is possible in a scientifically sound combination of organic and mineral fertilizers, use of crop rotations with inclusion of break crops and perennial grasses, technological, agricultural and technical parameters of the technology, the organization of control over use and protection of agricultural land from the state and regional authorities.