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Despite the importance of coffee as a globally traded commodity and increasing concerns about risks associated with climate change, there is virtually no information about the effects of rising atmospheric [CO 2 ] on field-grown coffee trees. This study shows the results of the first 2 years of an innovative experiment. Two commercial coffee cultivars (Catuaí and Obatã) were grown using the first free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) facility in Latin America (ClimapestFACE). Plants of both cultivars maintained relatively high photosynthetic rates, water-use efficiency, increased growth and yield under elevated [CO 2 ]. Harvestable crop yields increased 14.6 % for Catuaí and 12.0 % for Obatã. Leaf N content was lower in Obatã (5.2 %) grown under elevated [CO 2 ] than under ambient [CO 2 ]; N content was unresponsive to elevated [CO 2 ] in Catuaí. Under elevated [CO 2 ] reduced incidence of leaf miners (Leucoptera coffeella) occurred on both coffee cultivars during periods of high infestation. The percentage of leaves with parasitized and predated mines increased when leaf miner infestation was high, but there was no effect of elevated [CO 2 ] on the incidence of natural enemies. The incidence of rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora coffeicola) was low during the trial, with maximum values of 5.8 and 1 %, respectively, and there Climatic Change was no significant effect of [CO 2 ] treatments on disease incidence. The fungal community associated with mycotoxins was not affected by the treatments.

RESUMOÉ proposta uma escala de avaliação de desenvolvimento de estádios fenológicos do cafeeiro ará-bica, com base em fotografias das 12 fases, do período reprodutivo, compreendidas entre o estádio de gemas dormentes e o de grão seco. Durante a safra de 2001/2002, a escala foi utilizada em diferentes cultivares de café em experimentos localizados em Campinas e Mococa, onde se mostrou útil para estudos que vão possibilitar a identificação das variáveis climáticas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento, à expansão e à maturação dos frutos para as diferentes cultivares de café arábica nas diversas regiões de cultivo. Palavras-chave:Coffea arabica L., fenologia, maturação. ABSTRACT COFFEE PHENOLOGICAL STAGES EVALUATION SCALEA scale to evaluate coffee phenological stages is proposed based on images of twelve stages, considering lot for reproductive period, from dormant buds up to dry beans (harvest). During the growing season 2001/02 the scale was used for different coffee cultivars in field trials located at Campinas and Mococa, São Paulo State, Brazil. The scale showed to be useful to relate meteorological variation and crop yield, development and maturation period for the different evaluated cultivars.

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