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The researches were carried out at the Agricultural Research and Development Station, Crișurilor Plain, Oradea, during 1990Oradea, during -2016. They have demonstrated that irrigation is needed every year due to the extension of the drought regions in Romania. Irrigation has become a basic element in the technology of the autumn cabbage crop due to the yearly pedological drought. For cabbage, the minimum watering depth is considered 0-50 cm, while an irrigation average rate of 2,410 m 3 /ha, with a variation range of 1,330-4,900 m 3 /ha had to be imposed in order to maintain the soil moisture content on the watering depth between the easily available water content and the field capacity. Irrigation improved the microclimate conditions and the ratio water/temperature + light (Domuţa climate index) increased. Daily water consumption increased as well. As a result, total water consumption increased by 70%, with a variation range of 19-872%. Irrigation determined an yield gain of 153%; water use efficiency (kg/m 3 ) increased by 60.0%; irrigation water use efficiency recorded an average value of 13.4 kg yield gain/m 3 , with variation range 6.7 kg yield gain/m 3 -24.2 kg yield gain/m 3 . The correlations quantified in the soil-water-plant system (number of days with pedological drought, yield, respectively yield gain; Domuţa climate index-yield; water consumption-yield) support irrigation for the autumn cabbage crop from Crişurilor Plain.

The paper is based on the researches carried out during 1976-2010 in the long term trial placed on the prelvosoil from Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea. The main field crops of the area (wheat, maize, sunflower, soybean, bean, potato, sugarbeet, alfalfa) were studied. Based on the soil moisture determination ten to ten days, the soil water reserve was maintained between easily available water content and field capacity on the watering depth. Pedological and strong pedological drought (the decrease of the soil water reserve on watering depth bellow easily available water content, bellow wilting point respectivelly) were registered every year. The use of the irrigation determined the improve of the water/temperature+light (Domuta climate index) report, the increase of the daily and total water consumption, yield gains very significant statistically, the improve of the yields stability and yields quality, the increase of the water use efficiency. The use of the good soil management didn’t worsen the soil structure and the chemical  and biological parameters of the soil were improved. The researches sustain the irrigation opportunity for sustainable agriculture in the North-Western Romania.

The paper presents the conceptual and statistical dynamic of the Wholesale and Retail Commerce, Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles and Transport and Storage economic sectors in the European mountain area. European mountain entrepreneurship and commerce develops considerably in the 20th century, especially in the context of the industrial revolutions. The article analyzes the evolution of the commerce and logistic sectors between 2008-2018 and highlights the importance of the classic commerce in the contexts of e-commerce and pandemic approach. The results show that both analyzed sectors present an activity intensification during 2008-2018 period, but especially in the pandemic context.

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