No abstract

during Kharif seasons of 2015 and 2016 to test the efficiency of herbicides in groundnut. The experiment comprised of 14 weed control treatments arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Among the different herbicides tested, imazethapyr + pendamethalin 1000 g/ha recorded lowest weed density and weed biomass of both broadleaved and grassy-weeds and significantly highest dry matter accumulation, number of pods/plant, pod, haulm and biological yield in groundnut over all the other herbicidal treatments.

Background: A spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is often used to decide about extubation readiness in mechanically ventilated patients. Studies done to identify the best method of SBT have shown variable results. As there was no published data comparing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and T piece, this study was conducted to compare CPAP and T piece as method of SBT for postextubation outcomes. Subjects and Methods: This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial conducted at a tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from November 2018 to October 2019. Criteria for starting SBT and to identify trial as failure were predefined. Sixty patients were included in the study and randomly assigned to CPAP and T-piece group, of 30 each. Demographic data, diagnosis, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), endotracheal tube size, need of inotropes, vasopressors, and sedation were all recorded. The primary outcome of the study was extubation failure within 48 h. The secondary outcomes studied were mortality, need of respiratory support, duration of oxygen requirement, and length of PICU (LOPICU) stay after extubation. Results: Age, gender, indication of intubation, duration of MV, and number of SBT attempts were similar in both the groups. There was no statistically significant difference in extubation failure within 48 h between the two groups. Four patients were reintubated in both the groups and two patients died in T piece group and one patient in CPAP group. Postextubation respiratory support, duration of oxygen therapy, LOPICU stay, and mortality were not significant different between the two groups. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in extubation outcomes when CPAP and T piece were used as methods of SBT.

No abstract

during Kharif 2014 and 2015 to study the efficacy of pre-and post-emergence herbicides in managing weeds in greengram (Vigna radiata) and herbicides carryover effect on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) grown during succeeding Rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16. Ten weed control treatments, viz. pendimethalin 1000 g/ha pre-emergence (PE), imazethapyr 50 and 70 g/ha (early post-emergence; PoE), imazethapyr + pendimethalin (ready mix) 800, 900, and 1000 g/ha pre-emergence (PE), imazethapyr + imazamox 60 and 70 g/ha, two hand weedings at 20 and 40 days after seeding (DAS) and weedy check were evaluated in greengram grown in three replications with randomized block design (RBD). Two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS resulted in lowest weed density of broad-leaf and grassy weed, total weed biomass at 60 days after sowing, significantly highest number of branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed and straw yield compared to other treatments. Imazethapyr + pendimethalin 800 g/ha PE was at par with two hand weedings in managing weeds and increasing greengram yield. Application of herbicides did not cause any adverse effect on succeeding mustard in both years.