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Electrophoresis of isozymes was carried out to determine the degree of genetic variability in arrhenotokous and thelytokous forms of Mesochorus nigripes.Although the over-all heterozygosity (Ha) for 12 loci in 10 enzyme systems was 0.187 for the arrhenotokous form and 0.103 for the thelytokous form, a paired comparison t-test showed no significant difference. Nei's coefficient of genetic identity between these 2 forms I = 0.982.

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The Latitude Hypothesis may explain seasonal variation in occurrence of flu and influenza-like illness, including SARS-CoV-2. We focus on one variable, vitamin D adequacy in the general population, and consider statistics of two sub-populations to propose a possible treatment to improve outcomes. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

The host preferences and sex ratios of Mesochorus biotypes from Sweden and Colorado (U.S.A.) were studied in the field and laboratory. These Mesochorus are secondary parasites of Bathyplectes spp., parasites of Hypera postica (Gyllenhal). The Colorado biotype is 100 ~ thelytokous, and clearly prefers Bathyplectes stenostigma (Thomson) as a host. Only an arrhenotokous biotype was positively detected in Sweden, and it appeared to prefer B. curculionis (Thomson). However, some of the data suggest that the thelytokous biotype was probably also present in Sweden, at least in B. stenostigma. The behavioral differences and reproductive isolation of the thelytokous and arrhenotokous biotypes indicate that they are separate sibling species, even though they cannot yet be separated morphologically, and isozyme analyses were inconclusive (possibly due to a mixture of biotypes in Sweden).