Citazione consigliata. CARDILLI, R. Il problema della libertà naturale in diritto romano, d.A Derecho Animal (Forum of Animal Law Studies) 10/3 (2019) -DOI https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/da.449Resumen -El problema de la libertad natural en el Derecho Romano El objetivo de este escrito es aclarar el significado jurídico de la afirmación del jurista romano Ulpiano (aprox. 170 d.C-228 d.C.), en el seno de una sociedad en la que se reconoció y se practicó ampliamente la esclavitud, según la cual 'utpote cum iure naturali omnes liberi nascerentur nec esset nota manumissio, cum servitus esset incognita' (Ulp. l.1 inst. D. 1. 1.4). La investigación se centra en el ámbito de los problemas jurídicos en los que aparece el sintagma libertas naturalis con anterioridad a Ulpiano, poniendo especial atención en algunos textos de Gayo (siglo II d.C.), procedentes de sus obras Institutiones y Res cottidianae. La importancia de la libertad natural se plantea, tanto respecto de las formas de pérdida de la propiedad sobre los animales silvestres capturados, como respecto de las formas de extinción de la esclavitud surgida de la guerra. Esto implica una especial toma de consideración de la afirmación de Ulpiano, que surge de una discusión entre juristas, de la cual se extrae su particular opinión respecto al valor que se debe reconocer a la libertas naturalis de todos los seres humanos, en el ambito del ius naturale como modo de extinción de la esclavitud de guerra.Palabras clave: Derecho Romano; Derecho Natural en el Derecho Romano; Libertad Natural Abstract -The Problem of Natural Freedom in Roman LawThis paper deals with the legal meaning of the statement of the Roman jurist Ulpian (c. 170 AD-228 AD), in a society in which slavery was recognized and widely practiced, according to which 'utpote cum iure naturale omnes liberi nascerentur nec esset nota manumissio, cum servitus esset incognita' (Ulp.1.1 Inst. D. 1. 1. 4). The investigation focuses on the juridical problems in which the syntagma 'libertas naturalis' occurs before Ulpian, by analyzing some texts of Gaius (2nd century AD) from his works Institutiones and Res cottidianae. This has revealed a relevance of the natural freedom both in terms of the loss of domination over captured wild animals and in terms of ways of extinction of war slavery. This implies a consideration of the statement of Ulpian in a debate among the Roman jurists in which the particular position taken by this jurist stands out with respect to the value to be recognized to the 'libertas naturalis' of all human beings on the level of the Natural Law.Key Words: Roman Law; Natural Law in Roman Law; Natural Freedom. RiassuntoIl contributo si preoccupa di chiarire il significato giuridico della dichiarazione del giurista romano Ulpiano (ca. 170 d.C-228 d.C.), in una società nella quale la schiavitù era riconosciuta ed ampiamente praticata, secondo cui utpote cum iure naturali omnes liberi nascerentur nec esset nota manumissio, cum servitus esset
Chiave di volta per detto superamento è stata la adeguata contestualizzazione del ruolo del nexum all’interno delle strutture che possono aver concorso alla costruzione concettuale unitaria della obligatio (Kaser, 1949, pp.232 e ss.; 1971, pp.166-167; Talamanca, 1979, pp.5-8), nella quale la giurisprudenza tardorepubblicana farà poi confluire una serie estesa di rapporti in origine disomogenei.
The real meaning of the words 'epidemic' and 'pandemic'. The pandemic in history: the Antonine plague in the Roman Empire and the epidemic in Athens. The issue of the role of law in managing extraordinary events: the modern perspective and the Roman law perspective in comparison. Carl Schmitt’s theory of 'Ausnahmezustand' and the need to overcome this model. The importance of law and legal science in times of emergency.
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