This study deals with the Rimbaud catchment, a sub-catchment within the Réal Collobrier hydrological observatory in southeastern France, managed by Irstea since 1966. This observatory suffered a wildfire in 1990. Because of the dense network of streamgauges and raingauges available, this site provides a unique opportunity to test and compare two types of analysis, one based on paired catchments and the other a rainfall-runoff model, used to assess the hydrological impact of forest fire. In the present case, more than 20 years of pre-fire and post-fire data are available. We compare the ability of the two approaches to detect gradual changes at a daily time step. This case study illustrates how natural climatic variability (here a long drought which preceded the wildfire) can make the identification of hydrological changes extremely difficult. Key words paired catchments; rainfall-runoff modelling; hydrological impact of wildfire; change detection Mise en perspective de la méthode des bassins appariés et de la modélisation pluie-débit sur l'impact hydrologique d'un incendie de forêt Résumé Cet article traite du bassin versant du Rimbaud situé dans le Sud de la France. Il fait partie de l'observatoire hydrologique du Réal Collobrier suivi depuis 1966 par Irstea. Cet observatoire a subi un incendie de forêt en 1990. Grace à son réseau dense de stations hydrométriques et pluviométriques, ce site fournit une occasion unique de comparer la méthode des bassins appariés et la modélisation pluie-débit pour évaluer l'impact hydrologique de l'incendie de forêt. Dans notre cas, plus de 20 années de données avant et après incendie sont disponibles. Nous pouvons donc comparer la capacité des deux méthodes à détecter des changements graduels au pas de temps journalier. L'étude illustre comment la variabilité climatique naturelle (ici une longue sécheresse précédent l'incendie) rend extrêmement difficile toute interprétation de modification du comportement hydrologique. Mots clefs bassins versants appariés ;modélisation pluie-débit ; impact hydrologique d'un incendie de forêt ; détection de changement 1 INTRODUCTION This study proposes a detailed analysis of a French catchment that was used as one of the case studies for the workshop: Testing simulation and forecasting models in nonstationary conditions, organized within the IAHS/IAPSO/IASPEI Joint Assembly in Gothenburg, Sweden in July 2013. More information on the workshop is available in
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