A study was conducted over two growth cycles in a field naturally infested with Radopholus similis to assess the effect of this nematode on plant growth and yield of plantains (Musa, AAB) in Njombe, Cameroon. The nematicide Cadusaphos was used to control R. similis and the improvement in yield was measured. No significant reductions in plant height, pseudostem circumference, number of functional leaves or in the duration of the plant growth cycle between treated and untreated plots were recorded. Bunch weights did not differ between treatments. However, a significant difference was found in the number of uprooted plants between nematicide treated and untreated plots with 2.5 and 18.3% losses during the first crop and 7.5 and 52.5% during the second crop, respectively. In plots treated with Cadusaphos, yields were two times greater than untreated plots during both cycles. Une étude a été réalisée pendant deux cycles de production en plein champ infesté naturellement par Radopholus similis pour évaluer l’effet de ce nématode sur le rendement des plantains (Musa, AAB) à Njombé, Cameroun. L’utilisation du nématicide Cadusaphos a permis de mesurer le gain de rendement dss au contrôle de ce nématode. Les résultats n’ont pas révélé de diminution significative des paramètres de croissance (hauteur, circonférence et nombre de feuilles vivantes) et de la précocité des plants dans les parcelles non traitées par rapport aux parcelles traitées. Le poids des régimes n’a pas significativement varié entre les traitements. Cependant, nous avons observé une différence significative du nombre de plants déracinés entre les traitements; le taux de chute a été de 2.5 et 18.3% au premier cycle et de 7.5 et 52.5% au second cycle, respectivement pour les parcelles traitées et non traitées. Pendant les deux cycles de production les rendements des parcelles traitées au nématicide ont été deux fois supérieurs à ceux des parcelles non traitées.
The burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) is one of the major nematode species attacking banana and plantains . Sources of resistance to this nematode were found and studies were made of the resistance mechanisms involved . Relatively greater numbers of preformed phenolic cells were found in roots of the resistant and intermediately resistant cultivars Yangambi km5 and Gros Michel than others . However, in another resistant cultivar, Pisang Jari Buaya, fewer phenolic cells were found, but this clone had high numbers of cells with lignified walls suggesting a different mechanism of resistance . An interesting correlation was found between level of susceptibility to R. similis and root dry matter. A possible role of lignin in resistance to R. similis in Musa is also indicated .
-Introduction. Plantain is an important crop for food safety in sub-Saharan Africa. In order to treat the research priorities better on a hierarchical basis according to the producer constraints, a permanent observation unit was placed within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach. Materials and methods. A sampling in banana plantations was carried out in the zones of distinct agroecologic contexts which supply Douala (Cameroon). The data were obtained by a follow-up of parcels and holdings. On the parcel scale, observations related to the cultivation methods, the nematode and weevil populations, and the yields. On the holding scale, the follow-ups related to the economic functions of the plantain. Results and discussions. The range of studied farming situations corresponds to a diversity of holding context and objectives. The observations carried out on banana plants (foliar emission rhythm, pseudostem circumference, number of fingers and live leaves, finger weight and length, bunch weight) made it possible to explain how the yield was determined. This is especially affected by the losses before harvest, in relation to the sanitary state of the roots and the nematode and weevil presence. These losses were maximum at the end of the dry season. The yield is also related to the bunch weight determined by the finger number and grade. For this last, the results obtained clearly do not underline the incidence of the black Sigatoka disease. Improvements of the protocol of follow-up are proposed. Musa (plantains) / Cameroon / surveying / yield components / fungal diseases / parasitismDéterminants de la production de plantain dans le sud-ouest du Cameroun : intérêt d'un observatoire.Résumé -Introduction. Le plantain est une culture importante pour la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique sub-saharienne. Pour mieux hiérarchiser les priorités de recherche en fonction des contraintes des producteurs, une cellule d'observation permanente a été mise en place dans le cadre d'une démarche interdisciplinaire. Matériel et méthodes. Un échantillonnage en bananeraies a couvert les zones de contextes agroécologiques distincts qui approvisionnent Douala. Les données ont été obtenues par un suivi de parcelles et d'exploitations. À l'échelle des parcelles, les observations ont porté sur les pratiques culturales, les populations de néma-todes et de charançons, et les rendements. À l'échelle des exploitations, les suivis ont porté sur les fonctions économiques du plantain. Résultats et discussions. La gamme de situations culturales étudiées correspond à une diversité de contextes et d'objectifs des exploitations agricoles. Les observations effectuées sur bananiers (rythme d'émission foliaire, circonférence du pseudotronc, nombre de doigts et de feuilles vivantes, poids et longueur des doigts, poids du régime) ont permis d'expliquer comment se déterminait le rendement. Celui-ci est surtout affecté par les pertes avant récolte, en relation avec l'état sanitaire des racines et la présence de nématodes et de charançons. Ces perte...
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