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The gauge dependence of the effective action r and potential V are studied in general gauge theories. Explicit expressions which manifest all the gauge dependences of r and V are obtained. From these equations, it is concluded that r (or V ) has gauge-invariant values for any solution of the Euler-Lagrange equation 6r/64J = 0 (or aV/a4J = 0). Introduction of a certain concept about the categories of gauge conditions resolves the appearance of a gauge-dependent unphysical "vacuum." Any gauge can be used to calculate I ' . A wide class of gauges are allowed for the effective potential V; for instance, in scalar QED the allowed gauges are --(1/2~)(aA)~, -(1/2a)(aA -v@J2 (where the direction of condensation is restricted to @,), the Coulomb gauge, and the axial gauge. In particular the Re gauge is also an allowed gauge.

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