CSE) demonstrate significant impairment of isoproterenol-induced CBF at one and two hours (pϭ0.006 and 0.008 respectively). 5% CSE-impaired isoproterenol-induced CBF stimulation at two hours after stimulation (pϭ0.003). No significant difference in CBF was noted three hours after stimulation for either CSE group. CONCLUSION: CBF of adenoid explants increases when stimulated with isoproterenol. In-vitro smoke exposure blunted isoproterenol-mediated stimulation of CBF in adenoid explants. Increasing concentrations of CSE were associated with increased inhibition. Adenoid ciliary dysfunction related to cigarette smoke exposure may play a role in the pathophysiology of upper respiratory diseases in children.
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