The endodontic treatment need of this Belgian subpopulation was great and the technical standard of root canal treatment disappointing. The findings indicate that there is still a substantial need for postgraduate endodontic education in Belgium and a need for specialists in endodontology.

The importance of a good coronal restoration, as well as of a good root filling should be emphasized as the technical quality of both influencing the periapical status.

Clinicians should be aware of this unusual root morphology in mandibular first molars in Caucasian people. Radiographs exposed at two different horizontal angles are needed to identify this additional root. The access cavity must be modified in a distolingual direction in order to visualize and treat the RE, this results in a trapezoidal access cavity.

Imaging suggests that the working mechanism of an Er,Cr:YSGG laser in root canal treatment in an irrigation solution can be attributed to cavitation effects inducing high-speed fluid motion into and out the canal.