Purpose: To gain insight into the accuracy of brachytherapy treatments, the accuracy of implant reconstruction and dose delivery was investigated in 33 radiotherapy institutions in The Netherlands and Belgium.Materials and methods: The accuracy of the implant reconstruction method was determined using a cubic phantom containing 25 spheres at well-known positions. Reconstruction measurements were obtained on 41 brachytherapy localizers, 33 of which were simulators. The reconstructed distances between the spheres were compared with the true distances. The accuracy of the dose delivery was determined for high dose rate (HDR), pulsed dose rate (PDR) and low dose rate (LDR) afterloading systems using a polymethyl methacrylate cylindrical phantom containing a NE 2571 ionization chamber in its centre. The institutions were asked to deliver a prescribed dose at the centre of the phantom. The measured dose was compared with the prescribed dose.Results: The average reconstruction accuracy was 20.07 mm (^0.4 mm, 1 SD) for 41 localizers. The average deviation of the measured dose from the prescribed dose was 10.9% (^1.3%, 1 SD) for 21 HDR afterloading systems, 11.0% (^2.3%, 1 SD) for 12 PDR afterloaders, and 11.8% (^2.5%, 1 SD) for 15 LDR afterloaders.Conclusions: This comparison showed a good accuracy of brachytherapy implant reconstruction and dose delivery in The Netherlands and Belgium. q

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