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Principal components analysis of eight-channel data sets consisting of multitemporal LANDSAT MSS image pairs often generates higher-order principal components that are related to changes in 'brightness and 'greenness'. This is the expected result of such analysis in a wide variety of biological and geological environments where the original imagery is intrinsically two dimensional; the two dimensions are 'brightness' and 'greenness'; and the change in land cover between imagesexceeds some threshold value.

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An unknown chlorite mineral sample can be classified, from an infrared study alone. By relating the infrared absorption spectra to the chemical analysis of a series of 21 chlorites and related minerals, both the degree of substitution of aluminum for silicon (Y number) and the total iron content of the mineral can be estimated from infrared data. The structural type also can be deduced readily from the infrared curve. There is a possibility of a structural modification as Y values increase beyond 1.2. Chlorites are frequently found in areas