The article presents the results of the electromagnetic activation of petroleum feed in the vortex layer apparatus. It is shown that under the electromagnetic influence, there is a significant increase in the proportion of straight-run gasoline fraction distillate, as well as a change in the physicochemical parameters of the light fractions obtained as a result of the cavitation effect and the low-temperature cracking. It has been established that the processes of wave action on oil occurring in the electromagnetic field zone lead to a change in the individual and group hydrocarbon composition of the distillates obtained. The gasoline fraction produced from activated petroleum, due to an increase in the proportion of aromatic compounds, has a high octane number compared to the original straight-run fraction and low content of alkenes, which allows us to recommend its use as a high-octane component of motor fuels in the compounding and production of commercial gasoline.

In order to change the viscosity of high-resinous oil of the “Karazhanbas” field (Kazakhstan), the effect of electrohydraulic action on it was studied. The effect of adding an organic solvent xylene on the rheological properties of oil is investigated. A comparative study of the hydrocarbon composition of oil before and after electrohydraulic impact was carried out by the method of gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Fragment composition of oil hydrocarbons before and after electrohydraulic treatment was determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It is shown that the conversion of heavy oil fractions to light ones begins with a five-time electrohydraulic impact. It is determined that 20‒25 electric discharge pulses are sufficient for the quantitative process of splitting hydrocarbons. It was found that the addition of xylene to high-viscosity oil leads to an increase in the conversion of hydrocarbons under electrohydraulic action. The content of paraffins and naphthalenes in high-viscosity oil is slightly reduced during electrohydraulic processing. In oil, after electrohydraulic action, a decrease in the proportion of protons of long alkyl terminal СН3-groups of hydrocarbons is observed, which indicates the process of decomposition of heavy oil fractions into light fractions.

In oils, oil products and oil fractions, which do not contain paraffins, the action of depressors is useless. In this connection, the research of depressor properties of experimental samples of demulsifying compositions became possible only in regions where highly paraffinic oils are extracted, prepared and transported. Joint researches concerning the study of effect of the developed composite reagents on the rheology of heavy oil from Zhangurshi deposit of the West Kazakhstan region was carried out at al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Institute of Combustion Problems and the Kazan Scientific-Research Technological University. Conducting a comparative evaluation of the wetting power of a number of surfactants made it possible to obtain information on the efficiency of the inversion of wetting in oil-dispersed systems during the destruction of water-oil emulsions. In this work, the express methods for determining of wetting-deterging action of a wide range of different classes and types of surfactants are used, which makes it possible to make a comparative assessment of their effectiveness in a short time. During the research, it was supposed that the washing process of adsorption hydrocarbon layer, including tar-asphaltene substances, from the surface of particles of mechanical impurities involved in stabilization of water-oil emulsion should be preceded by a wetting process.

The article presents the results of electromagnetic activation of petroleum raw materials in the vortex layer apparatus. It is shown that under electromagnetic influence, there is a significant increase in the proportion of straight-run gasoline fraction distillate, as well as a change in the physicochemical parameters of the light fractions obtained. It is established that the processes of wave action on oil, which take place in the zone of the electromagnetic field, lead to a change in the group hydrocarbon composition of the distillates obtained. NMR spectroscopy was used to study the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the properties of oil raw materials on the physicochemical properties and structure of the oil.

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