The aim of this work is to determine the productive longevity of Holstein cows of different breedings. The results of the research showed that Finnish animals were superior in life expectancy and productive longevity, exceeding German breeding cows by 74 days (P<0.05) and Hungarian cows by 24 days, and by 0.06 and 0.12 lactations in the productive period respectively. At the same time, according to the level of average productivity per lactation and lifelong milk yield, the highest rates were established for the group of Hungarian cows. So, their average milk yield per lactation was higher: compared to other groups by 529.2 kg and 561.8 kg or 7.6 % and 8.1%; lifelong milk yield by 1305.5 kg and 996 kg (5.6 % and 4.2%); per one day of calving interval - by 0.64 kg and 0.8 kg (3.6 % and 4.6%) and per one day of life - by 0.56 kg and 0.60 kg or by 3.2 % and 5.6%. In the context of the group of cows of the German and Finnish breeding, no significant differences were noted by these indicators. The duration of pregnancy in experimental cows ranged from 285-289 days. The analysis of the obtained data indicates that the cellular protection indicators of Holstein cows are within the physiological norm. So, phagocytic activity, which expresses the percentage of active leukocytes participating in phagocytosis to the total number of counted neutrophilic leukocytes, is higher in animals of the German breeding compared with Hungarian animals - by 13.2% and with Finnish ones - by 13.4%. The phagocytic index is defined by the average number of phagocytosed microorganisms per active leukocyte and characterizes the intensity of phago-cytosis. In our experiment, the intensity of phagocytosis was higher in the German cows and amounted to 8.42, which exceeds this indicator by 11.4% compared with animals of the Hungarian breeding and by 3.3% compared to the Finnish animals.

The article describes a method of preventing postpartum obstetric-gynecologic diseases and improving the reproductive function of cows by increasing the nonspecific resistance of the organism with the use of Prevention-N-B-S bio-preparation. For the first time the newly developed bio-preparation was injected to cows of Experimental Group 2 intramuscularly with a dose of 10 ml 35-30, 15-10 and 10-5 days before the expected calving date, while Dorogov’s antiseptic stimulant 2 fraction and Eleovit at the ratio of 1:9 were injected to the animals of Experimental Group 1 60 days before the estimated calving dates. It was established that the first estrus of Experimental Group 2 cows (28.8 ± 0.56 days) was 5.8 and 14.4 days earlier than that of the same-age cows of Experimental Group 1 (34.6 ± 0.93 days) and the Control Group (43.2 ± 1.64 days). The service period in Experimental Group 1 (64.6 ± 1.62 days) and Experimental Group 2 (57.8 ± 1.50 days) became shorter, comparing to the Control Group (89.2 ± 3.02 days). Use of bio-preparations in critical pregnancy periods of cows reduced the risks of subinvolution of uterus, endometritis and mastitis in the postpartum period and increased reproductive qualities of cows. The effect was most apparent when Prevention-N-B-S bio-preparation was used.

The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of Holstein cows of different breeds in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Pre-Urals. Due to the lack of highly productive dairy cattle, Holstein cows are imported to Russia from different countries. Imported animals have different adaptability, productivity, terms of economic use, and prof-itability. For the first time on the stud farm «Alekseevsky» state owned located in Ufa district Republic of Bashkorto-stan a comparative evaluation of body conformation, lactation yield and physical and chemical indicators of Hol-stein milk of different selections in terms of adaptive technology. Cows of Hungarian selection have a stronger con-formation, proportion, length, well-developed body, as evidenced by boniness and lengthiness. Hungarian cows dominate over German and Finnish cows in body weight by 11.2 and 22.5 kg (P<0.05). These features led to the superiority of animals of Hungarian origin in milk productivity with the same adaptive technology of keeping and feeding. During the third lactation, milk yield of Hungarian origin was 736.6 kg (P<0.05) more than that of German-bred, and 766.7 kg than that of Finnish cows. Hungarian average milk yield of Hungarian breed for three lactation periods was bigger 521.5 kg (P<0.05) and 625.1 kg (P<0.05), respectively. German breed had the highest fat con-tent (3.3%), and Hungarian cows the highest protein content (3.3%). There were no significant differences between the animals of the studied groups in terms of productive longevity (3.26-3.38 lactations). Cows of Hungarian origin for all the time of use had basic fat content and protein more by 5.5 and 6.0%, compared with their herdmate, which increases revenue by 9.9 and 10.8 thousand rubles more than from cows of German and Finnish selection.

This work aims to identify the level of productivity of Holstein cows of different breedings. The experimental studies were performed using purebred Holstein animals imported from Germany, Hungary, and Finland. When studying the exterior-constitutional features of livestock raised on the farm, it was found that Holstein cows as a whole were characterized by a relatively strong constitution, a proportionally developed and slightly elongated body with average live weight, deep chests with well-defined milk veins, glandular and properly attached bath-like and cup-shaped udder, with an average intensity of milk yield (2.12-2.4 kg/min). According to the expressiveness of dairy forms, the best indicators were for animals of Hungarian breeding with the linear affiliation of Reflection Sovering, and in cows of German and Finnish breedings - Montwik Chieftain. A study of the dairy productivity of cows showed that the greatest milk yield over 305 days for three lactations, depending on the linear affiliation, was for Hungarian cows: during the 1st lactation - 6465.9- 6951.2 kg, the 2nd lactation - 7463.5-7706.2 kg, according to the 3rd lactation - 8254.2-8297.7 kg of milk. A comparative evaluation of the dairy production of cows showed that the highest dairy productivity was noted in cows of the Reflection Sovering line. Thus, the average milk yield in cows of this line in the first three lactations was higher than in analogs of the Finnish breeding by 885 kg (13.02%) and German one - by 892 kg or 13.1% (P<0.05), Vis Beck Ideal by 444.5 kg (6.2%) and 807 kg or 12.0% (P<0.01) respectively. The animals of the Montwik Chieftain line of the Hungarian breeding exceeded in the milk yield of the German cows by 176.5 kg (2.4%) and the Finnish cows by 238.2 kg or 3.3%. Indicators of the coefficient of variation in milk yield show that the herd of Holstein cows in the first and third lactations is very heterogeneous. According to the second lactation, the representatives of the Vis Beck Ideal line of the German selection and the Montwik. It was established that in the coefficient of consistency of lactation, cows of German breeding exceeded the analogs of the Finnish and Hungarian breedings by 4.7 and 6.7%, respectively. Herewith, in the Hungarian cows, the lactation full value indicator was higher by 18.3% and 1%, which indicates higher stability of milk yield of cows of this group for the entire lactation. In such a way, our analysis of the morphofunctional properties of the udder showed that the investigated groups of animals correspond to the technological requirements for industrial keeping technology and organizing machine milking.

The purpose of the research is to increase the economic efficiency of beef production by the system of cow – calf by adjusting the feeding taking into account the point assessment of fatness of meat cows. For the effective production of beef is not enough to have highly productive animals and high quality feed. It is necessary to organize their rational use of feed. In technological groups animals have different live weight, and norms of feeding of meat cattle are calculated, generally, depending on live weight of animals. This is the wrong approach, because in the group (in the herd) animals can have the same living mass and have different energy requirements depending on the state of fatness. Adjusting the level of feeding depending on the fatness of animals will save expensive feed, as in the structure of the cost of beef a large share of the cost falls on feed (about 60%). In the course of the research, a high positive relationship between the live mass and the point assessment of the cows fatness (r=0.93 for Hereford and r= 0.95 for the Kazakh white-headed breed) was established, which allowed to determine the regression coefficients between the features. It is found that increasing body condition by 1 point increases the live weight of Hereford cattle 40.4 kg and in cows of Kazakh white-headed breed of 48.1 kg. This allowed us to determine the required changes in the feeding level for 90-100 days prior to calving to increase for cows with a body condition score of 1 by 3.02; 2 points – 2.67 to 3.02; 3 points on 1.70-2.55; 4 points at 1.32-1.70; 5-6 points to 0.85-0.91 EKE, for cows with a body condition score of 8 to reduce the level of feeding of 0.47-0.85 and EKE with fatness 9 points lower on 0,85-1,70 ECE. Thus, studies show that the organization of feeding depending on the condition, is a necessary tool for achieving economic efficiency of beef production on the system cow-calf.