Few sites have been well sampled for bats, and samplings in islands are even scarcer. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were: (1) to list the bat species of Ilha da Marambaia; (2) to compare richness, abundance and biomass of bat guilds found there; (3) to analyse abundance patterns of bat species; and (4) to compare richness, abundance and composition of the bat fauna among different kinds of environment. To capture bats we used mist nets set in five different environments, totalising 3559.2 net-hours, during 37 nights between October 2006 and August 2008. A total of 1,133 captures were accomplished, comprising 34 species from five families. The most abundant species was Molossus molossus. Frugivorous bats exhibited higher richness, abundance and biomass if compared to other guilds. Most species (N = 22) exhibited abundances between 1 to 10% of all captures. Sixteen species were restricted to just one of the environments sampled. The high richness may be attributed to sampling carried out in several environments, and to the capture of insectivorous species over water bodies.Keywords: abundance, captures, sampling effort, survey methods. Diversidade de morcegos da Ilha da Marambaia, Sul do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Chiroptera, Mammalia) ResumoPoucos são os locais satisfatoriamente amostrados para morcegos e menos ainda as ilhas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram listar as espécies de morcegos da Ilha da Marambaia, comparar a riqueza, abundância e biomassa das guildas de morcegos encontradas, analisar o padrão de abundância das espécies de morcegos e comparar a riqueza, abundância e composição entre os diferentes ambientes amostrados. O método de amostragem consistiu do uso de redes de neblina armadas em cinco ambientes diferentes, totalizando 3559,2 redes-hora, em 37 noites entre outubro de 2006 e agosto de 2008. Foram obtidas 1.133 capturas, compreendendo 34 espécies de cinco famílias. A espécie mais abundante foi Molossus molossus. Os frugívoros apresentaram maior riqueza, abundância e biomassa. A maior parte das espécies (N = 22) apresentou abundâncias entre 1 e 10% do total de capturas. Dezesseis espécies foram restritas a apenas um dos ambientes amostrados. A elevada riqueza encontrada pode ser atribuída à realização de coletas em vários ambientes, e a captura de espécies insetívoras sobre a água.Palavras-chave: abundância, capturas, esforço amostral, métodos de amostragem.
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