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Purpose Covering a fiber-reinforced concrete column (fiber reinforced plastic (FRP)) improves the performance of the column primarily. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior of small FRP concrete columns that are subject to axial pressure loading, in order to study the effect of many parameters on the effectiveness of FRP couplings on circular and square concrete columns. Design/methodology/approach These parameters include the shape of the browser (circular and square), whole core and cavity, square radius of square columns, concrete strength (low strength, normal and high), type of FRP (carbon and glass) and number of FRP (1–3) layers. The effective fibrillation failure strain was investigated and the effect of effective lateral occlusion pressure. Findings The results of the test showed that the FRP-coated columns improved significantly the final conditions of both the circular and square samples compared to the unrestricted columns; however, improvement of square samples was not as prominent as improvement in circular samples. The results indicated that many parameters significantly affected the behavior of FRP-confined columns. A new model for predicting compressive force and the corresponding strain of FRP is presented. A good relationship is obtained between the proposed equations and the current experimental results. Originality/value The average hoop strain in FRP wraps at rupture in FRP-confined concrete specimens can be much lower than that given by tensile coupon tests, meaning the theoretical assumption that the FRP-confined concrete cylinder ruptures when the FRP material tensile strength attained at its maximum is not suitable. Based on this observation, the effective peak strength and corresponding strain formula for FRP concrete confined columns must be based on the effective hoop rupture strain composite materials.

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Le développement socio-économique d’un pays, d’une région, est un objectif principal de tout gouvernant; hélas, cela affecte inévitablement les ressources d’eau tant sur la qualité du fait de la pollution domestique et industrielle que sur la quantité puisque la consommation augmente de façon vertigineuse.Il est désormais largement admis que la mise en place d’un développement durable exige de mettre en équation des préoccupations sociales et économiques avec des préoccupations environnementales en tenant compte du facteur essentiel et limite, à savoir l’eau.L’Algérie est un des pays du Nord du bassin méditerranéen qui souffre de la pénurie d’eau. Les écoulements en eau y sont caractérisés par une irrégularité saisonnière et interannuelle importante et par une violence et une rapidité des crues. En effet, la connaissance des conditions climatiques joue un rôle important dans les études de planification économique; elle permet de mieux maîtriser les apports non contrôlés qui engendrent le bon fonctionnement du système de prévision et de gestion des ressources hydriques à court, moyen et long termes.Le développement durable consiste entre autres à mettre au point des systèmes d’information, de gestion des risques et de prévision des catastrophes naturelles et à mettre en place des systèmes de détection précoce et de contrôle, ainsi que des plans d’intervention en cas d’urgence dans les zones prédéterminées.Nous développerons dans cet article les points suivants :Une série de recommandations sont exposées pour résoudre le problème de crise de l’eau et pour un développement durable.The socio-economical development of a country or a region is the main objective of all managers; however, this affects inevitably the water resources in terms of quality related to domestic and industrial pollution, and also quantity due to increasing consumption use.Henceforth, a sustainable development requires taking into consideration the social and the economical as well as environmental factors.Algeria is one of the northern countries of the Mediterranean basin which suffers from water shortage. The river flows are characterized by important seasonal and inter-year irregularities, especially in flood periods. Indeed, the knowledge of the climatic conditions has an important role in the economical planning: it permits the best management of the uncontrolled flows for short, mean, and long term.The sustainable development requires taking a number of steps, among others, development of information system, management and prediction of the risks, forecasting natural disasters, implementation of systems of early detection, as well as plans of intervening in case of emergency. We develop in this article:A set of recommendations is given in order to solve the problem of crisis of the water and for sustainable development